King James Version

What Does Romans 16:13 Mean?

Romans 16:13 in the King James Version says “Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine. — study this verse from Romans chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

Romans 16:13 · KJV


Context

11

Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household of Narcissus, which are in the Lord. household: or, friends

12

Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord.

13

Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

14

Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them.

15

Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mineAspasasthe Rhoupphon ton eklekton en kyriō kai tēn mētera autou kai emou (ἀσπάσασθε Ῥοῦφον τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν κυρίῳ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ). Eklekton en kyriō (ἐκλεκτός ἐν κυρίῳ, chosen in the Lord) could mean 'excellent' or 'elect'—likely both. Rufus is distinguished, set apart for service. Mark 15:21 mentions 'Simon of Cyrene, father of Alexander and Rufus,' who carried Jesus' cross—possibly this same Rufus, suggesting his family knew Jesus personally and became early believers. Tēn mētera autou kai emou (his mother and mine) shows Paul's affection: Rufus' mother treated Paul maternally, perhaps hosting him, caring for him during ministry—creating spiritual family bond.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

If this Rufus is Simon of Cyrene's son, his father carried Jesus' cross (Mark 15:21). That Mark mentions Alexander and Rufus by name (only in Mark's Gospel) suggests they were known to Mark's audience—early Roman Christians. Simon's family may have witnessed the crucifixion and resurrection, becoming foundational members of Jerusalem church before dispersing. Rufus' mother's hospitality to Paul exemplifies the church as family: spiritual bonds transcend biological kinship. Paul calls Timothy 'my son' (1 Timothy 1:2), Onesimus 'my son' (Philemon 10), and numerous older women 'mother' (1 Timothy 5:2).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean to be '<em>eklektos en kyriō</em>' (chosen in the Lord)—how does election produce distinction and service?
  2. How does Paul's description of Rufus' mother as 'his and mine' model the church as spiritual family transcending biological ties?
  3. Who are the spiritual 'mothers' and 'fathers' in your life—mentors, caregivers, encouragers—and how do you honor them?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
ἀσπάσασθε1 of 12

Salute

G782

to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome

Ῥοῦφον2 of 12

Rufus

G4504

red; rufus, a christian

τὸν3 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐκλεκτὸν4 of 12

chosen

G1588

select; by implication, favorite

ἐν5 of 12

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

κυρίῳ6 of 12

the Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

καὶ7 of 12

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὴν8 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μητέρα9 of 12

mother

G3384

a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)

αὐτοῦ10 of 12

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ11 of 12

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐμοῦ12 of 12

mine

G1700

of me


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 16:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 16:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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