King James Version

What Does Mark 15:21 Mean?

Mark 15:21 in the King James Version says “And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to be... — study this verse from Mark chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.

Mark 15:21 · KJV


Context

19

And they smote him on the head with a reed, and did spit upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.

20

And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him.

21

And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.

22

And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.

23

And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They compel one Simon a Cyrenian (ἀγγαρεύουσιν Σίμωνα Κυρηναῖον)—The verb angareuō (ἀγγαρεύω) is a technical term for Roman military requisition: soldiers could legally force civilians to carry military equipment one mile (Matthew 5:41). Simon from Cyrene (North Africa, modern Libya) was likely a Diaspora Jew visiting for Passover, coming out of the country (ἐρχόμενον ἀπ' ἀγροῦ, returning from field labor).

Mark uniquely identifies Simon as the father of Alexander and Rufus—these names indicate Simon's family became known in the early church (Romans 16:13 likely references this Rufus). Jesus, weakened by blood loss, shock, and sleeplessness, could not carry His crossbeam. Yet this 'chance' encounter transformed Simon's family: forced to literally bear Christ's cross, he apparently became a disciple. This fulfills Jesus' words: 'Take up your cross and follow me' (Mark 8:34).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Crucifixion victims typically carried the 40-pound crossbeam (~18 kg) through crowded streets while the vertical post remained at the execution site. Roman soldiers routinely requisitioned civilian labor for military purposes throughout occupied territories. Cyrene in Libya had a substantial Jewish population; many came to Jerusalem for major festivals. Mark's original Roman audience would have known Alexander and Rufus personally, validating this eyewitness detail.

Reflection Questions

  1. How might an initially unwelcome 'burden' from God actually be His means of drawing you into deeper discipleship?
  2. What does Simon's transformation from forced laborer to believer reveal about God's sovereignty over 'chance' encounters?
  3. In what practical ways are you called to 'bear the cross' for Christ in your daily circumstances?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
καὶ1 of 19

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀγγαρεύουσιν2 of 19

they compel

G29

properly, to be a courier, i.e., (by implication) to press into public service

παράγοντά3 of 19

who passed by

G3855

to lead near, i.e., (reflexively or intransitively) to go along or away

τινα4 of 19

one

G5100

some or any person or object

Σίμωνα5 of 19

Simon

G4613

simon (i.e., shimon), the name of nine israelites

Κυρηναῖον6 of 19

a Cyrenian

G2956

i.e., cyrenaean, i.e., inhabitant of cyrene

ἐρχόμενον7 of 19

coming

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

ἀπ'8 of 19

out of

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

ἀγροῦ9 of 19

the country

G68

a field (as a drive for cattle); genitive case, the country; specially, a farm, i.e., hamlet

τὸν10 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατέρα11 of 19

the father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

Ἀλεξάνδρου12 of 19

of Alexander

G223

alexander, the name of three israelites and one other man

καὶ13 of 19

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Ῥούφου14 of 19

Rufus

G4504

red; rufus, a christian

ἵνα15 of 19

to

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

ἄρῃ16 of 19

bear

G142

to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh

τὸν17 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σταυρὸν18 of 19

cross

G4716

a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,

αὐτοῦ19 of 19

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 15:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 15:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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