King James Version

What Does Matthew 20:16 Mean?

Matthew 20:16 in the King James Version says “So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.

Matthew 20:16 · KJV


Context

14

Take that thine is, and go thy way: I will give unto this last, even as unto thee.

15

Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil, because I am good?

16

So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.

17

And Jesus going up to Jerusalem took the twelve disciples apart in the way, and said unto them,

18

Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be betrayed unto the chief priests and unto the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus concludes the vineyard parable with 'the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.' This encapsulates sovereign grace—God rewards according to His generosity, not human merit. The phrase 'many be called, but few chosen' distinguishes external gospel call from effectual calling. Reformed doctrine of election sees here God's sovereign choice determining salvation. All hear the gospel call; only God's elect respond in saving faith. Kingdom inclusion depends on God's choice, not human worthiness or timing.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The parable responds to Peter's question about disciples' reward (19:27) and the rich young ruler incident. It addresses Jewish assumptions about covenant privilege guaranteeing kingdom entrance. The workers hired at different hours all receive the same wage, illustrating grace over merit. This teaching prepared disciples for Gentiles' inclusion in the church alongside Jews.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's sovereignty in salvation affect your view of evangelism?
  2. What 'first place' assumptions about your spiritual standing need challenging?
  3. How should God's generosity shape your attitude toward newer or different believers?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
Οὕτως1 of 16

So

G3779

in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

ἔσονται2 of 16

shall be

G2071

will be

οἱ3 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἔσχατοι4 of 16

last

G2078

farthest, final (of place or time)

πρῶτοι5 of 16

first

G4413

foremost (in time, place, order or importance)

καὶ6 of 16

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ7 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πρῶτοι8 of 16

first

G4413

foremost (in time, place, order or importance)

ἔσχατοι9 of 16

last

G2078

farthest, final (of place or time)

πολλοὶ10 of 16

many

G4183

(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely

γὰρ11 of 16

for

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

εἰσιν12 of 16

be

G1526

they are

κλητοί,13 of 16

called

G2822

invited, i.e., appointed, or (specially), a saint

ὀλίγοι14 of 16

few

G3641

puny (in extent, degree, number, duration or value); especially neuter (adverbially) somewhat

δὲ15 of 16

but

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐκλεκτοί16 of 16

chosen

G1588

select; by implication, favorite


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 20:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 20:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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