King James Version

What Does Matthew 27:48 Mean?

Matthew 27:48 in the King James Version says “And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to dr... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink.

Matthew 27:48 · KJV


Context

46

And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

47

Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said , This man calleth for Elias.

48

And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink.

49

The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him.

50

Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
One of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar (ὄξος)—this fulfills Psalm 69:21, 'in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.' The Greek oxos refers to posca, the sour wine Roman soldiers drank. The gesture appears merciful—offering drink to the dying—yet Matthew presents it as part of the mockery.

Put it on a reed (κάλαμον)—likely a hyssop branch (John 19:29), connecting Christ's death to the Passover lamb whose blood was applied with hyssop (Exodus 12:22). Jesus, the ultimate Passover Lamb (1 Corinthians 5:7), receives his final earthly drink through the same plant that marked Hebrew doorposts for deliverance from death.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roman crucifixion often lasted days. Offering sour wine could either prolong suffering by reviving the victim, or provide minimal mercy. The timing—just before Jesus' death—and the prophetic fulfillment make this act significant beyond simple humanitarian gesture. Hyssop also featured in purification rituals (Leviticus 14:4, Numbers 19:6).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the hyssop connection reveal Christ as both Passover Lamb and purification sacrifice?
  2. What does this fulfilled prophecy teach about God's sovereignty over even the smallest details of redemption?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
καὶ1 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

εὐθέως2 of 17

straightway

G2112

directly, i.e., at once or soon

δραμὼν3 of 17

ran

G5143

which uses ????? <pronunciation strongs="drem'-o"/> (the base of g1408) as alternate in certain tenses; to run or walk hastily (literally or figurativ

εἷς4 of 17

one

G1520

one

ἐξ5 of 17

of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

αὐτόν6 of 17

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ7 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

λαβὼν8 of 17

took

G2983

while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

σπόγγον9 of 17

a spunge

G4699

a "sponge"

πλήσας10 of 17

filled

G4130

to "fill" (literally or figuratively (imbue, influence, supply)); specially, to fulfil (time)

τε11 of 17

and

G5037

both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)

ὄξους12 of 17

it with vinegar

G3690

vinegar, i.e., sour wine

καὶ13 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

περιθεὶς14 of 17

put it on

G4060

to place around; by implication, to present

καλάμῳ15 of 17

a reed

G2563

a reed (the plant or its stem, or that of a similar plant); by implication, a pen

ἐπότιζεν16 of 17

and gave

G4222

to furnish drink, irrigate

αὐτόν17 of 17

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 27:48 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 27:48 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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