King James Version

What Does Matthew 27:34 Mean?

Matthew 27:34 in the King James Version says “They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.

Matthew 27:34 · KJV


Context

32

And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.

33

And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull,

34

They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.

35

And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots.

36

And sitting down they watched him there;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Vinegar to drink mingled with gall (ὄξος μετὰ χολῆς, oxos meta cholēs)—Mark 15:23 specifies wine mingled with myrrh, a narcotic painkiller offered by charitable Jewish women to condemned men. Gall (χολή) may translate the myrrh, or Matthew may allude to Psalm 69:21: They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.

He would not drink—Jesus refuses to dull his senses. He will taste death fully, experiencing unmediated wrath for sin. The cup he prayed might pass (Matthew 26:39) he now drinks to the dregs, refusing even lawful relief.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Roman crucifixion was designed to maximize suffering through asphyxiation, exposure, and pain. Charitable Jews sometimes offered drugged wine to condemned criminals as a mercy. Jesus's refusal shows his determination to bear sin's full penalty consciously.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why was it necessary for Jesus to refuse pain relief and experience suffering fully?
  2. How does this refusal relate to the cup Jesus prayed about in Gethsemane (Matthew 26:39, 42)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
ἔδωκαν1 of 12

They gave

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

αὐτῷ2 of 12

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

πιεῖν3 of 12

drink

G4095

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

ὄξος4 of 12

vinegar

G3690

vinegar, i.e., sour wine

μετὰ5 of 12

with

G3326

properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)

χολῆς6 of 12

gall

G5521

"gall" or bile, i.e., (by analogy) poison or an anodyne (wormwood, poppy, etc.)

μεμιγμένον·7 of 12

mingled

G3396

to mix

καὶ8 of 12

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

γευσάμενος9 of 12

when he had tasted

G1089

to taste; by implication, to eat; figuratively, to experience (good or ill)

οὐκ10 of 12

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἤθελεν11 of 12

thereof he would

G2309

to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),

πιεῖν12 of 12

drink

G4095

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 27:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 27:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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