King James Version

What Does Matthew 23:26 Mean?

Matthew 23:26 in the King James Version says “Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.

Matthew 23:26 · KJV


Context

24

Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

25

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.

26

Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.

27

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.

28

Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Cleanse first that which is within the cup (καθάρισον πρῶτον τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ ποτηρίου)—Jesus shifts from metaphor (v. 25) to direct command. The word "first" (πρῶτον) establishes priority: internal transformation precedes external conformity. Katharison (cleanse) implies removing defilement, requiring repentance from harpagē (robbery, extortion) and akrasia (self-indulgence, lack of self-control) mentioned in verse 25.

That the outside of them may be clean also—genuine inward purity naturally produces outward righteousness. Jesus reverses Pharisaic methodology: they cleaned the outside hoping it would sanctify the inside. This echoes Ezekiel 36:25-27—God cleanses the heart, then empowers obedience. The gospel works from heart to behavior, never behavior to heart.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Pharisaic purity laws (detailed in Mishnah Kelim) meticulously addressed ritual cleansing of vessels. They would immerse cups in mikveh (ritual baths) while ignoring that the wealth filling those cups came from extortion—foreclosing on widows' homes (23:14), demanding excessive Temple taxes, corrupt business practices. Jesus condemned this divorce between ritual purity and ethical righteousness throughout His ministry.

Reflection Questions

  1. What "outside of the cup" religious behaviors do you maintain while tolerating inner greed, lust, or pride?
  2. How does the gospel's "inside-out" transformation differ from moralistic religion's "outside-in" behavior modification?
  3. What practices of self-indulgence or extortion might you be rationalizing while maintaining external religious respectability?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
Φαρισαῖε1 of 18

Pharisee

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary

τυφλέ2 of 18

Thou blind

G5185

opaque (as if smoky), i.e., (by analogy) blind (physically or mentally)

καθάρισον3 of 18

cleanse

G2511

to cleanse (literally or figuratively)

πρῶτον4 of 18

first

G4412

firstly (in time, place, order, or importance)

τὸ5 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐντὸς6 of 18

that which is within

G1787

inside (adverb or noun)

τοῦ7 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ποτηρίου8 of 18

the cup

G4221

a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e., a cupful (draught); figuratively, a lot or fate

καὶ9 of 18

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τῆς10 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

παροψίδος,11 of 18

platter

G3953

a side-dish (the receptacle)

ἵνα12 of 18

that

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

γένηται13 of 18

may be

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

καὶ14 of 18

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ15 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐκτὸς16 of 18

the outside

G1622

the exterior; figuratively (as a preposition) aside from, besides

αὐτῶν17 of 18

of them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καθαρόν18 of 18

clean

G2513

clean (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 23:26 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 23:26 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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