King James Version

What Does Matthew 23:28 Mean?

Matthew 23:28 in the King James Version says “Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

Matthew 23:28 · KJV


Context

26

Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.

27

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.

28

Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

29

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous,

30

And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Outwardly appear righteous unto men (ἔξωθεν μὲν φαίνεσθε δικαίοις τοῖς ἀνθρώποις)—phainesthē means "to appear" or "seem," implying the appearance doesn't match reality. Dikaiois (righteous) would normally be praiseworthy, but here it's mere façade. The Pharisees cultivated reputation for righteousness through conspicuous piety—long prayers (23:14), elaborate phylacteries (23:5), prominent almsgiving (Matthew 6:2).

Within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity (ἔσωθεν γέμετε ὑποκρίσεως καὶ ἀνομίας)—gemete means "filled, packed full." Hypokrisis originally meant "play-acting"—performing a role rather than being authentic. Anomias (lawlessness) is shocking: those zealous for law-keeping were actually law-breakers at heart level. Romans 2:17-29 echoes this—external Judaism without circumcised heart is lawlessness.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First-century Judaism highly valued public reputation for righteousness. Pharisees gained social prestige, political influence, and religious authority through perceived piety. They occupied chief seats in synagogues (23:6), received reverential titles (23:7-10), and controlled Temple operations. But Jesus exposes their public righteousness as performance—they played the role of righteous men while their hearts remained unregenerate, filled with pride, greed, and cruelty.

Reflection Questions

  1. What aspects of your Christian life are performed for human approval rather than authentic heart devotion to God?
  2. How does Jesus's equation of hypocrisy with lawlessness challenge the idea that external religious conformity equals righteousness?
  3. In what ways might your concern for appearing righteous actually reveal the absence of true righteousness?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
οὕτως1 of 16

Even so

G3779

in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

καὶ2 of 16

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ὑμεῖς3 of 16

ye

G5210

you (as subjective of verb)

ἔξωθεν4 of 16

outwardly

G1855

external(-ly)

μὲν5 of 16
G3303

properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)

φαίνεσθε6 of 16

appear

G5316

to lighten (shine), i.e., show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)

τοῖς7 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώποις8 of 16

unto men

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

δίκαιοι9 of 16

righteous

G1342

equitable (in character or act); by implication, innocent, holy (absolutely or relatively)

ἔσωθεν10 of 16

within

G2081

from inside; also used as equivalent to g2080 (inside)

δέ11 of 16

but

G1161

but, and, etc

μεστοὶ12 of 16

full

G3324

replete (literally or figuratively)

ἐστε13 of 16

ye are

G2075

ye are

ὑποκρίσεως14 of 16

of hypocrisy

G5272

acting under a feigned part, i.e., (figuratively) deceit ("hypocrisy")

καὶ15 of 16

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀνομίας16 of 16

iniquity

G458

illegality, i.e., violation of law or (genitive case) wickedness


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 23:28 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 23:28 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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