King James Version

What Does Luke 9:34 Mean?

Luke 9:34 in the King James Version says “While he thus spake, there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: and they feared as they entered into the cloud. — study this verse from Luke chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

While he thus spake, there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: and they feared as they entered into the cloud.

Luke 9:34 · KJV


Context

32

But Peter and they that were with him were heavy with sleep: and when they were awake, they saw his glory, and the two men that stood with him.

33

And it came to pass, as they departed from him, Peter said unto Jesus, Master, it is good for us to be here: and let us make three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias: not knowing what he said.

34

While he thus spake, there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: and they feared as they entered into the cloud.

35

And there came a voice out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.

36

And when the voice was past , Jesus was found alone. And they kept it close, and told no man in those days any of those things which they had seen.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
While he thus spake, there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: and they feared as they entered into the cloud. Peter's confused speech was interrupted by divine intervention—nephelē (νεφέλη, "a cloud") appeared. The verb epeskiasen (ἐπεσκίασεν, "overshadowed") is the same term used of the Holy Spirit overshadowing Mary at the Incarnation (Luke 1:35) and the cloud covering the Tabernacle when God's glory filled it (Exodus 40:34-35). This is the Shekinah cloud—visible manifestation of God's presence that led Israel through the wilderness (Exodus 13:21-22).

The phrase they feared as they entered into the cloud (ephobēthēsan de en tō eiselthein autous eis tēn nephelēn, ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν νεφέλην) indicates holy terror at divine proximity. Moses and Elijah entered the cloud (likely returning to heaven), and the disciples' fear echoes Israel's terror at Sinai (Exodus 20:18-21, Hebrews 12:18-21). Yet the new covenant provides boldness to approach God (Hebrews 10:19-22)—the Transfiguration bridges old covenant terror and new covenant confidence.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The cloud held deep significance in Israel's history. It guided the Exodus generation (Exodus 13:21), covered Sinai during the giving of the Law (Exodus 24:15-18), filled the Tabernacle and Temple when God's glory dwelt there (Exodus 40:34, 1 Kings 8:10-11), and would accompany Messiah's coming (Daniel 7:13). Jesus promised to return 'in a cloud with power and great glory' (Luke 21:27). The Transfiguration cloud authenticated Jesus as the divine Son—this was not a man among prophets but God manifest in flesh. The Father's audible voice from the cloud (v. 35) was the climax, silencing Peter and confirming Jesus' unique supremacy.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the overshadowing cloud's connection to the Incarnation, Tabernacle, and Exodus reveal about the Transfiguration's theological significance?
  2. How should the disciples' holy fear upon entering God's presence inform contemporary casual approaches to worship?
  3. In what ways does the Transfiguration cloud point forward to Christ's return 'in the clouds with power and great glory'?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
ταῦτα1 of 18

thus

G5023

these things

δὲ2 of 18

While

G1161

but, and, etc

αὐτούς·3 of 18

he

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

λέγοντος4 of 18

spake

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ἐγένετο5 of 18

there came

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

νεφέλην6 of 18

a cloud

G3507

properly, cloudiness, i.e., (concretely) a cloud

καὶ7 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπεσκίασεν8 of 18

overshadowed

G1982

to cast a shade upon, i.e., (by analogy) to envelop in a haze of brilliancy; figuratively, to invest with preternatural influence

αὐτούς·9 of 18

he

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐφοβήθησαν10 of 18

they feared

G5399

to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere

δὲ11 of 18

While

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐν12 of 18

as

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ13 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐκείνους14 of 18

they

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed

εἰσελθεῖν15 of 18

entered

G1525

to enter (literally or figuratively)

εἰς16 of 18

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὴν17 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νεφέλην18 of 18

a cloud

G3507

properly, cloudiness, i.e., (concretely) a cloud


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 9:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 9:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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