King James Version

What Does Luke 5:31 Mean?

Luke 5:31 in the King James Version says “And Jesus answering said unto them, They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick. — study this verse from Luke chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And Jesus answering said unto them, They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick.

Luke 5:31 · KJV


Context

29

And Levi made him a great feast in his own house: and there was a great company of publicans and of others that sat down with them.

30

But their scribes and Pharisees murmured against his disciples, saying, Why do ye eat and drink with publicans and sinners?

31

And Jesus answering said unto them, They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick.

32

I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.

33

And they said unto him, Why do the disciples of John fast often, and make prayers, and likewise the disciples of the Pharisees; but thine eat and drink?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus responds to Pharisees' criticism: 'They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick.' This proverb illustrates spiritual reality—those who recognize their spiritual sickness seek the Physician (Jesus), while those who consider themselves spiritually healthy see no need for Him. The Pharisees' self-righteousness blinded them to their desperate need. Jesus doesn't claim some people are actually spiritually healthy but that those who think they are won't seek healing. Recognizing our sickness is the first step toward receiving the cure.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Physicians in the ancient world treated those acknowledging illness, not those claiming health. Jesus applies this obvious truth spiritually—He came for sinners who recognize their condition, not for self-righteous people who deny their need. The Pharisees' objection to Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners (v. 30) revealed their assumption of moral superiority. Jesus exposes their spiritual blindness—they need the Physician as much as obvious sinners but refuse to acknowledge it. This principle explains why Jesus received prostitutes and tax collectors but opposed Pharisees—not because the former were better but because they admitted their need.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the physician metaphor illustrate why self-righteousness is the greatest barrier to receiving salvation?
  2. What does Jesus' statement teach about the prerequisite for receiving grace—acknowledging our spiritual sickness rather than claiming health?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
καὶ1 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀποκριθεὶς2 of 17

answering

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

3 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 17

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

εἶπεν5 of 17

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

πρὸς6 of 17

unto

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

αὐτούς7 of 17

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Οὐ8 of 17

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

χρείαν9 of 17

need

G5532

employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution

ἔχοντες·10 of 17

they that are

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

οἱ11 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὑγιαίνοντες12 of 17

They that are whole

G5198

to have sound health, i.e., be well (in body); figuratively, to be uncorrupt (true in doctrine)

ἰατροῦ13 of 17

a physician

G2395

a physician

ἀλλ'14 of 17

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

οἱ15 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κακῶς16 of 17

sick

G2560

badly (physically or morally)

ἔχοντες·17 of 17

they that are

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 5:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 5:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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