King James Version

What Does Luke 20:42 Mean?

Luke 20:42 in the King James Version says “And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, — study this verse from Luke chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

Luke 20:42 · KJV


Context

40

And after that they durst not ask him any question at all.

41

And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?

42

And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

43

Till I make thine enemies thy footstool .

44

David therefore calleth him Lord, how is he then his son?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand (Καὶ αὐτὸς Δαυὶδ λέγει ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν, Εἶπεν κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου, Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, Kai autos Dauid legei en biblō psalmōn, Eipen kyrios tō kyriō mou, Kathou ek dexiōn mou)—Jesus cites Psalm 110:1, the Old Testament's most quoted verse in the New Testament. The Hebrew distinguishes YHWH (LORD, Yahweh) from Adonai (my Lord): 'YHWH said to my Adon.' David, through the Spirit, reports God the Father addressing someone David calls 'my Lord.'

Sit thou on my right hand (Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου)—the right hand is the position of highest honor and authority. Kathou (sit, be seated) in the present imperative suggests both rest from completed work and reigning authority. This prophesies Messiah's exaltation after accomplishing redemption—precisely what happened at Jesus's ascension (Acts 2:33-35, Hebrews 1:3, 13). Peter quoted this Psalm at Pentecost to prove Jesus's lordship.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Psalm 110 was recognized as Messianic in Second Temple Judaism (evidenced in Dead Sea Scrolls). However, the paradox of David calling his own son 'Lord' wasn't fully resolved until Christian revelation of Jesus's deity. The New Testament uses Psalm 110:1 to affirm Christ's current heavenly session and future complete triumph (1 Corinthians 15:25, Hebrews 10:12-13).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Psalm 110:1 demonstrate the Trinity—Father addressing Son, both sharing divine identity?
  2. What does Christ's 'sitting' at God's right hand teach about His completed atoning work and ongoing reign?
  3. How should knowing Jesus currently reigns in heavenly authority affect your daily trust and obedience?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
καὶ1 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

αὐτὸς2 of 17

himself

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Δαβὶδ3 of 17

David

G1138

david, the israelite king

λέγει4 of 17

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ἐν5 of 17

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

βίβλῳ6 of 17

the book

G976

a scroll

ψαλμῶν7 of 17

of Psalms

G5568

a set piece of music, i.e., a sacred ode (accompanied with the voice, harp or other instrument; a "psalm"); collectively, the book of the psalms

Εἶπεν8 of 17

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

9 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κυρίῳ10 of 17

Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

τῷ11 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κυρίῳ12 of 17

Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

μου13 of 17

my

G3450

of me

Κάθου14 of 17

Sit thou

G2521

and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside

ἐκ15 of 17

on

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

δεξιῶν16 of 17

right hand

G1188

the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)

μου17 of 17

my

G3450

of me


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 20:42 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 20:42 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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