King James Version

What Does John 19:17 Mean?

John 19:17 in the King James Version says “And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: — study this verse from John chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:

John 19:17 · KJV


Context

15

But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.

16

Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.

17

And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:

18

Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one , and Jesus in the midst.

19

And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
He bearing his cross (βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρόν/bastazōn heautō ton stauron)—the participle bastazōn means carrying, bearing as a burden. What He told disciples to do (Luke 9:23), He does literally. The cross He bears is simultaneously wooden timber and cosmic weight—the sin of the world (1 John 2:2).

Went forth (ἐξῆλθεν/exēlthen) echoes His going forth from the Father (16:28) and going out to the garden (18:1). Each 'going forth' moves Him toward the appointed hour. The destination: place of a skull (Κρανίου Τόπον/Kraniou Topon), in Hebrew Golgotha (Γολγοθᾶ/Golgotha), from Aramaic gulgalta (skull). Why 'skull'? Perhaps the hill's shape, or tradition that Adam's skull was buried there—fitting symbolism, as the second Adam dies where the first Adam's race was buried.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Golgotha was outside Jerusalem's walls (Hebrews 13:12), as required by Jewish law—executions occurred outside the city to prevent defilement. The site was probably along a major road for maximum public visibility. Church tradition identifies it with the present Church of the Holy Sepulchre, though Gordon's Calvary is an alternative site. Wherever its precise location, Golgotha became history's hinge-point.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Jesus literally bearing the cross reveal about His willing acceptance of suffering for us?
  2. How does the location 'outside the camp' connect to Levitical sacrifice and our call to bear His reproach (Hebrews 13:13)?
  3. What significance do you see in the 'place of a skull' becoming the site of resurrection victory?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
καὶ1 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

βαστάζων2 of 15

he bearing

G941

to lift, literally or figuratively (endure, declare, sustain, receive, etc.)

τὸν3 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σταυρὸν4 of 15

cross

G4716

a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,

αὐτοῦ5 of 15
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐξῆλθεν6 of 15

went forth

G1831

to issue (literally or figuratively)

εἰς7 of 15

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὸν8 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λέγεται9 of 15

called

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Κρανίου10 of 15

the place of a skull

G2898

a skull ("cranium")

Τόπον11 of 15

a place

G5117

a spot (general in space, but limited by occupancy; whereas g5561 is a large but participle locality), i.e., location (as a position, home, tract, etc

ὃς12 of 15

which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

λέγεται13 of 15

called

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Ἑβραϊστὶ14 of 15

in the Hebrew

G1447

hebraistically or in the jewish (chaldee) language

Γολγοθᾶ,15 of 15

Golgotha

G1115

the skull; golgotha, a knoll near jerusalem


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 19:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 19:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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