King James Version

What Does 1 Timothy 5:20 Mean?

1 Timothy 5:20 in the King James Version says “Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear. — study this verse from 1 Timothy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear.

1 Timothy 5:20 · KJV


Context

18

For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.

19

Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses. before: or, under

20

Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear.

21

I charge thee before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things without preferring one before another, doing nothing by partiality. preferring: or, prejudice

22

Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men's sins: keep thyself pure.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Them that sin rebuke before all (τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε, tous hamartanontas enōpion pantōn elenche)—'those who persist in sin, rebuke in the presence of all.' Hamartanō is present tense—ongoing sin, not a single lapse. Elencho means to rebuke, convict, expose. That others also may fear (ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν, hina kai hoi loipoi phobon echōsin)—'so that the rest may fear.'

This likely refers to elders who persist in proven sin. After proper investigation (two witnesses, 5:19), public rebuke serves two purposes: (1) holds the sinning leader accountable, and (2) warns others against presuming on grace. Phobos is healthy fear/reverence—recognition that sin has consequences.

Public rebuke seems harsh, but it's necessary when leaders persist in sin after private confrontation. Leadership positions carry greater accountability (James 3:1). Public sin requires public correction to protect the church's holiness and deter others from similar sin.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Church discipline followed Jesus' pattern (Matthew 18:15-17): private confrontation first, then increasing publicity if repentance doesn't occur. Elders who sinned publicly or persistently required public rebuke. This wasn't cruel shaming but necessary accountability—maintaining standards for leaders and warning others. The early church took holiness seriously, recognizing that tolerance of sin corrupts the whole body (1 Corinthians 5).

Reflection Questions

  1. Why must persistent sin among leaders be rebuked publicly rather than handled privately?
  2. How does public rebuke 'create fear' in a healthy way—what kind of fear is intended?
  3. What balance is needed between protecting leaders from false accusation (5:19) and holding them accountable (5:20)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
τοὺς1 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἁμαρτάνοντας2 of 11

Them that sin

G264

properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin

ἐνώπιον3 of 11

before

G1799

in the face of (literally or figuratively)

πάντων4 of 11

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ἔλεγχε5 of 11

rebuke

G1651

to confute, admonish

ἵνα6 of 11

that

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

καὶ7 of 11

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ8 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λοιποὶ9 of 11

others

G3062

remaining ones

φόβον10 of 11

fear

G5401

alarm or fright

ἔχωσιν11 of 11

may

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Timothy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Timothy 5:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Timothy 5:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study