King James Version

What Does 1 Timothy 5:18 Mean?

1 Timothy 5:18 in the King James Version says “For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his rew... — study this verse from 1 Timothy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.

1 Timothy 5:18 · KJV


Context

16

If any man or woman that believeth have widows, let them relieve them, and let not the church be charged; that it may relieve them that are widows indeed.

17

Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine.

18

For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.

19

Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses. before: or, under

20

Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn (λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφή· βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις, legei gar hē graphē· boun aloōnta ou phimōseis)—quoting Deuteronomy 25:4, Paul argues from analogy: if oxen working deserve to eat grain, how much more do human workers deserve support? Phimoō means to muzzle, to put to silence.

And, The labourer is worthy of his reward (Καί· ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ, Kai· axios ho ergatēs tou misthou autou)—quoting Jesus' words (Luke 10:7), Paul affirms workers deserve wages. Misthos means wage, pay, reward. This verse combines OT law and Jesus' teaching to establish the principle: ministers deserve financial support for their labor.

Paul uses this same OT-NT combination in 1 Corinthians 9:9-14 to defend his right to support (though he voluntarily waived it). The principle is universal: those who labor for gospel ministry deserve material support from those who benefit spiritually. The ox isn't muzzled while working; the minister shouldn't labor without support.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Paul often worked as a tentmaker to support himself, refusing payment to avoid accusations of greed (Acts 18:3, 1 Corinthians 9:12-18). But he insists this was his personal choice, not universal requirement. Churches should support their pastors. The combination of Moses and Jesus establishes this principle firmly: gospel workers deserve financial support for their labor.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the ox-muzzling principle apply to compensating pastors and ministry workers?
  2. Why does Paul combine Old Testament law and Jesus' teaching to make his argument?
  3. What does this verse teach about the relationship between spiritual ministry and material support?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
λέγει1 of 15

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

γὰρ2 of 15

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

3 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραφή4 of 15

the scripture

G1124

a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)

Βοῦν5 of 15

the ox

G1016

an ox (as grazing), i.e., an animal of that species ("beef")

ἀλοῶντα6 of 15

that treadeth out the corn

G248

to tread out grain

οὐ7 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

φιμώσεις8 of 15

Thou shalt

G5392

to muzzle

καί9 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Ἄξιος10 of 15

is worthy

G514

deserving, comparable or suitable (as if drawing praise)

11 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐργάτης12 of 15

The labourer

G2040

a toiler; figuratively, a teacher

τοῦ13 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μισθοῦ14 of 15

reward

G3408

pay for service (literally or figuratively), good or bad

αὐτοῦ15 of 15
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Timothy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Timothy 5:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Timothy 5:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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