About Job

Job explores the mystery of suffering through the story of a righteous man who lost everything yet maintained his faith in God.

Author: UnknownWritten: c. 2000-1800 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 22
SufferingSovereigntyFaithWisdomJusticeRestoration

King James Version

Job 14

22 verses with commentary

Job Continues: Man Born of Woman Has Few Days

Man that is born of a woman is of few days, and full of trouble. few: Heb. short of days

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KJV Study Commentary

Job laments: 'Man that is born of a woman is of few days, and full of trouble.' The phrase 'born of a woman' (yelud ishah, יְלוּד אִשָּׁה) emphasizes human frailty and mortality. 'Few days' (qetsar yamim, קְצַר יָמִים) stresses life's brevity. 'Full of trouble' (seva rogez, שְׂבַע־רֹגֶז) uses rogez (רֹגֶז), meaning turmoil, agitation, or distress. Job's description of human existence as brief and ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**XIV.** (1) **Man that is born of a woman is of few days.**—He now takes occasion to dilate on the miserable estate of man generally, rising from the particular instance in himself to the common lot of the race. It is not improbable that these words should be connected with the last of the former chapter. *He, as a rotten thing, consumeth*—*a man born of woman, short of days and full of trouble, ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house--**The harem is an inviolable sanctuary, and what is transacted within its walls is as much a secret to those without as if they were thousands of miles away. But hints were given him through the eunuchs.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 14 Chapter Outline Job speaks of man's life.(1-6) Of man's death.(7-15) By sin man is subject to corruption.(16-22) **Verses 1-6** Job enlarges upon the condition of man, addressing himself also to God. Every man of Adam's fallen race is short-lived. All his show of beauty, happiness, and splendour falls before the stroke of sickness or death, as the flower before the...
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He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not.

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KJV Study Commentary

Job describes humanity: 'He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not.' The double metaphor (flower/shadow) emphasizes life's brevity and insubstantiality. This melancholic wisdom anticipates New Testament teaching on life's fragility (James 4:14).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus--**A whole year was spent in preparation for the intended honor. Considering that this took place in a palace, the long period prescribed, together with the profusion of costly and fragrant cosmetics employed, was probably required by state etiquette.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 14 Chapter Outline Job speaks of man's life.(1-6) Of man's death.(7-15) By sin man is subject to corruption.(16-22) **Verses 1-6** Job enlarges upon the condition of man, addressing himself also to God. Every man of Adam's fallen race is short-lived. All his show of beauty, happiness, and splendour falls before the stroke of sickness or death, as the flower before the...
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And dost thou open thine eyes upon such an one, and bringest me into judgment with thee?

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KJV Study Commentary

'And dost thou open thine eyes upon such an one, and bringest me into judgment with thee?' Job marvels that God would fix His 'eyes' (עֵינֶיךָ, eynekha) on frail humanity ('such an one') and bring them into 'judgment' (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat). The question echoes Psalm 8:4—why does God notice humans? But Job's tone differs—not wonder at divine care but perplexity at divine scrutiny. Why would the infi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 14 Chapter Outline Job speaks of man's life.(1-6) Of man's death.(7-15) By sin man is subject to corruption.(16-22) **Verses 1-6** Job enlarges upon the condition of man, addressing himself also to God. Every man of Adam's fallen race is short-lived. All his show of beauty, happiness, and splendour falls before the stroke of sickness or death, as the flower before the...
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Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one. can: Heb. will give

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KJV Study Commentary

Job asks 'Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one.' This recognition of inherited depravity predates full biblical revelation yet captures the doctrine of original sin. The rhetorical question expects no answer - human effort cannot overcome fundamental corruption.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Who can bring a clean thing . . .**—How can man be clean that is born of woman, who is unclean? This question is reiterated by Bildad (Job 25:4). We ought perhaps, however, rather to render “Oh, that the clean could come forth from the unclean! but none can.”

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 14 Chapter Outline Job speaks of man's life.(1-6) Of man's death.(7-15) By sin man is subject to corruption.(16-22) **Verses 1-6** Job enlarges upon the condition of man, addressing himself also to God. Every man of Adam's fallen race is short-lived. All his show of beauty, happiness, and splendour falls before the stroke of sickness or death, as the flower before the...
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Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months are with thee, thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass;

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KJV Study Commentary

'Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months are with thee, thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass.' Job affirms divine sovereignty over lifespan: days are 'determined' (חֲרוּצִים, charutsim—decided, decreed), months numbered, 'bounds' (חֻקּוֹ, chuqo—statute, limit) 'appointed' (עָשִׂיתָ, asita—made). This echoes Psalm 139:16 and Acts 17:26. If God sovereignly determines o...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 14 Chapter Outline Job speaks of man's life.(1-6) Of man's death.(7-15) By sin man is subject to corruption.(16-22) **Verses 1-6** Job enlarges upon the condition of man, addressing himself also to God. Every man of Adam's fallen race is short-lived. All his show of beauty, happiness, and splendour falls before the stroke of sickness or death, as the flower before the...
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Turn from him, that he may rest, till he shall accomplish, as an hireling, his day. rest: Heb. cease

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Turn from him, that he may rest, till he shall accomplish, as an hireling, his day.</strong> Job pleads for God to grant human beings respite, using the metaphor of a hired laborer. The Hebrew <em>shaah</em> (שָׁעָה, "turn from") means to look away, avert one's gaze—Job asks God to stop scrutinizing humanity's sins so intensely. "That he may rest" (<em>veyechdal</em>, וְיֶחְדַּל) employs a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Accomplish.**—Rather, *have pleasure in; rejoice at the day when his wages are paid him. *Job had used the same image before (Job 7:2). Job now proceeds to enlarge on the mortality of man, comparing him, as is so often done in all literature, to the vegetable produce of the earth (Isaiah 40:7; Isaiah 65:22); with this difference, however—that a tree will sprout again when it is cut down, but...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 14 Chapter Outline Job speaks of man's life.(1-6) Of man's death.(7-15) By sin man is subject to corruption.(16-22) **Verses 1-6** Job enlarges upon the condition of man, addressing himself also to God. Every man of Adam's fallen race is short-lived. All his show of beauty, happiness, and splendour falls before the stroke of sickness or death, as the flower before the...
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For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not cease.

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KJV Study Commentary

Job's famous hope: 'For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again' contrasts vegetative regeneration with human mortality. Trees can revive; humans die permanently. Yet this observation prepares for Job's greater hope in resurrection (14:14).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. the king loved Esther above all the women--**The choice fell on Esther, who found favor in the eyes of Ahasuerus. He elevated her to the dignity of chief wife, or queen. The other competitors had apartments assigned them in the royal harem, and were retained in the rank of secondary wives, of whom Oriental princes have a great number. **he set the royal crown upon her head--**This consiste...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof die in the ground;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Though the root thereof wax old in the earth</strong> (יַזְקִין בָּאָרֶץ שָׁרְשׁוֹ, yazqin baaretz shorsho)—Job describes a tree whose root (שֹׁרֶשׁ, shoresh) grows old (זָקֵן, zaqen), seemingly dead. <strong>And the stock thereof die in the ground</strong> (גֶּזַע, geza, 'stump/stock')—the visible trunk dies, appearing completely lifeless. Yet this apparent death sets up verse 9's resurre...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Yet through the scent of water it will bud</strong> (מֵרֵיחַ מַיִם יַפְרִיחַ, mereach mayim yafriach)—the 'scent' or 'fragrance' (רֵיחַ,reach) of water causes the seemingly dead tree to sprout (פָּרַח, parach, 'bud/blossom/flourish'). The poetic 'scent of water' suggests even minimal moisture—morning dew, distant rainfall—triggers resurrection. <strong>And bring forth boughs like a plant</...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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But man dieth, and wasteth away: yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he? wasteth: Heb. is weakened, or, cut off

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KJV Study Commentary

'But man dieth, and wasteth away: yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he?' Job contrasts nature's cycles (trees sprouting again) with human death's finality. Man 'dieth' (יָמוּת, yamut), 'wasteth away' (וַיֶּחֱלָשׁ, vayechelash—becomes weak, helpless), 'giveth up the ghost' (וַיִּגְוָע, vayigva—expires), and vanishes—'where is he?' (אַיּוֹ, ayyo). This expresses the horror of death's appare...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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As the waters fail from the sea, and the flood decayeth and drieth up:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>As the waters fail from the sea</strong> (אָזְלוּ־מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם, azlu-mayim minni-yam)—'fail' uses אָזַל (azal, 'to go away, be exhausted'). Ancient observers noted inland seas and lakes that evaporated during drought. <strong>And the flood decayeth and drieth up</strong> (נָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ, nahar yecharav veyavesh)—'flood' (נָהָר, nahar, 'river/stream') becomes 'parched' (חָרֵב, c...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **As the waters fail from the sea **seems commonly to have been misunderstood from its having been taken as a comparison; but there is no particle denoting comparison in the Hebrew. Moreover, the water never fails from the sea, nor do great rivers like the Nile or the Euphrates ever dry up. The comparison that is implied, but not expressed, is one of contrariety. *The waters will have failed ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Es 2:21-23. Mordecai, Discovering a Treason, Is Recorded in the Chronicles. **21. In those days ... two of the king's chamberlains ... were wroth and sought to lay hand on the king, &amp;c.--**This secret conspiracy against the king's life probably arose out of revenge for the divorce of Vashti, in whose interest, and at whose instigation, these eunuchs may have acted. Through the vigilance of Mo...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.

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KJV Study Commentary

'So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.' The imagery: man 'lieth down' (שָׁכַב, shakhav) and 'riseth not' (לֹא־יָקוּם, lo-yaqum), remaining unawakened 'till the heavens be no more' (עַד־בִּלְתִּי שָׁמָיִם, ad-bilti shamayim). This seems to deny resurrection, but actually affirms it won't occur until cosmic renewal. 'S...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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O that thou wouldest hide me in the grave, that thou wouldest keep me secret, until thy wrath be past, that thou wouldest appoint me a set time, and remember me!

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KJV Study Commentary

Job's prayer 'O that thou wouldest hide me in the grave, that thou wouldest keep me secret, until thy wrath be past' reveals hope beyond death. The grave becomes a hiding place rather than final destination. Job envisions death as temporary concealment until God's anger subsides.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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If a man die, shall he live again? all the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come.

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KJV Study Commentary

Job asks: 'If a man die, shall he live again?' This is Scripture's great question about resurrection. The verb chayah (חָיָה, live) means to revive, be restored to life. Job immediately answers: 'all the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come.' The word tsava (צָבָא, appointed time) suggests military service or hard labor—Job will endure his difficult time waiting for transform...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) I**f a man die, shall he live again**?—Why ask the question if it were absolutely certain that he would not? “All the days of my warfare—*i.e., *as long as I live—I will hope, till my change or transition from life to death comes, that Thou shalt call and I shall answer Thee, that Thou wilt long for the work of Thine hands.”

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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Thou shalt call, and I will answer thee: thou wilt have a desire to the work of thine hands.

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KJV Study Commentary

'Thou shalt call, and I will answer thee: thou wilt have a desire to the work of thine hands.' In this hypothetical resurrection scenario, God will 'call' (תִּקְרָא, tiqra) and Job will 'answer' (אֶעֱנֶה, e'eneh). God will 'desire' (תִּכְסֹף, tikhsof—long for, yearn) 'the work of [His] hands' (מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, ma'aseh yadekha). This beautiful image portrays God longing for His creatures, desiring...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 3 Es 3:1-15. Haman, Advanced by the King, and Despised by Mordecai, Seeks Revenge on All the Jews. **1. After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman ... set his seat above all the princes--**that is, raised him to the rank of vizier, or prime confidential minister, whose pre-eminence in office and power appeared in the elevated state chair appropriated to that supreme functionary. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 7-15** Though a tree is cut down, yet, in a moist situation, shoots come forth, and grow up as a newly planted tree. But when man is cut off by death, he is for ever removed from his place in this world. The life of man may fitly be compared to the waters of a land flood, which spread far, but soon dry up. All Job's expressions here show his belief in the great doctrine of the resurre...
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For now thou numberest my steps: dost thou not watch over my sin?

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KJV Study Commentary

Job contrasts potential future grace with present experience: 'For now thou numberest my steps: dost thou not watch over my sin?' In Job's imagination of restoration, God numbers steps not to judge but to guide. Yet presently, he feels God watches only to condemn. The Hebrew 'shamar' (watch over) can mean both 'guard protectively' and 'observe suspiciously.' Job longs for interpretation to shift f...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **For now thou numberest my steps: dost thou not watch over my sin?**—“It is sealed up in a bag, and Thou fastenest up mine iniquity. But persecution so persistent would wear out the strongest, even as the mountain and the rock are gradually worn away. How much more then must I be the subject of decay? for Thou destroyest the hope of man when he dieth, so that he no longer has any interest in...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed, and reverenced Haman--**Large mansions in the East are entered by a spacious vestibule, or gateway, along the sides of which visitors sit, and are received by the master of the house; for none, except the nearest relatives or special friends, are admitted farther. There the officers of the ancient king of Persia waited till they we...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and thou sewest up mine iniquity.

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KJV Study Commentary

'My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and thou sewest up mine iniquity.' Job describes God storing his 'transgression' (פִּשְׁעִי, pish'i) in a sealed bag (צְרוֹר, tseror) and sewing up his 'iniquity' (עֲוֹנִי, avoni). This imagery can be read two ways: (1) God carefully preserves evidence for judgment, or (2) God covers and hides sin. Context suggests the former—Job feels God meticulously reco...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of his place. cometh: Heb. fadeth

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KJV Study Commentary

Yet Job returns to present reality—everything decays: 'And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of his place.' Even the most permanent-seeming things—mountains and rocks—erode and crumble. If nature's strongest elements fail, how much more do humans? This recognizes entropy and decay as universal post-Fall realities. Only divine intervention can reverse this tr...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man. washest: Heb. overflowest

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KJV Study Commentary

Water's power to wear away stone illustrates relentless erosion: 'The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth.' Patient, persistent water eventually wears down hard rock—a process Job observes in wadis and rivers. Similarly, suffering gradually erodes human hope and strength. The imagery is both natural observation and spiritual metaphor: persis...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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Thou prevailest for ever against him, and he passeth: thou changest his countenance, and sendest him away.

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KJV Study Commentary

God's power overwhelms human resistance: 'Thou prevailest for ever against him, and he passeth: thou changest his countenance, and sendest him away.' The Hebrew 'takeph' (prevail) suggests overpowering strength—humans cannot resist divine power. The changed countenance may refer to death's effects or the shame of defeat. Humans 'pass away'—they're transient before eternal God. This stark realism a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not; and they are brought low, but he perceiveth it not of them.

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KJV Study Commentary

The dead know nothing of their descendants: 'His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not; and they are brought low, but he perceiveth it not of them.' Death severs earthly connections—the deceased don't experience their family's fortunes. This counters pagan practices of ancestor veneration and intercession. It emphasizes death's finality apart from resurrection hope. Only divine intervention c...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. In the first month ... they cast Pur, that is, the lot--**In resorting to this method of ascertaining the most auspicious day for putting his atrocious scheme into execution, Haman acted as the kings and nobles of Persia have always done, never engaging in any enterprise without consulting the astrologers, and being satisfied as to the lucky hour. Vowing revenge but scorning to lay hands on a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him shall mourn.

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KJV Study Commentary

Job concludes with focus on personal suffering: 'But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him shall mourn.' Despite death's separation from family, the suffering person remains keenly aware of personal pain. The body aches ('flesh'), and the inner person grieves ('soul'). Job emphasizes the individualized nature of suffering—it's experienced personally and cannot be shared or di...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-22** Job's faith and hope spake, and grace appeared to revive; but depravity again prevailed. He represents God as carrying matters to extremity against him. The Lord must prevail against all who contend with him. God may send disease and pain, we may lose all comfort in those near and dear to us, every hope of earthly happiness may be destroyed, but God will receive the believer i...
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