About Jeremiah

Jeremiah warned Judah of coming judgment for 40 years, yet proclaimed the hope of a new covenant.

Author: JeremiahWritten: c. 627-580 BCReading time: ~8 minVerses: 64
JudgmentNew CovenantRepentanceSufferingFaithfulnessHope

King James Version

Jeremiah 51

64 verses with commentary

The Destruction of Babylon

Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, a destroying wind; midst: Heb. heart

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, a destroying wind;</strong> The prophetic formula "Thus saith the LORD" establishes divine authority—this isn't human prediction but God's decree. The phrase "I will raise up" emphasizes divine agency; God sovereignly orchestrates Babylon's fall through hu...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

LI. (1) **I will raise up . . . a destroying wind.**—Literally, *the wind of a destroyer. *In Haggai 1:14; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 1:5; 1Chronicles 5:26 the phrase is used for “stirring up the spirit” of a man, and that may be its meaning here. The context, however, suggests, in the “fanners” of the next verse, the literal meaning of “wind,” and it is quite possible that the phrase may have been used by Je...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And will send unto Babylon fanners, that shall fan her, and shall empty her land: for in the day of trouble they shall be against her round about.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And will send unto Babylon fanners</strong>—the Hebrew <em>zarim</em> (זָרִים, foreigners, strangers) is a wordplay with <em>zarah</em> (זָרָה, to winnow, scatter). God sends 'foreign fanners' who will winnow Babylon like grain. <strong>That shall fan her, and shall empty her land</strong>—winnowing separates wheat from chaff; applied to Babylon, it means separating people from land, destr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Fanners, that shall fan her.**—The Hebrew word as it stands means “strangers,” but a change of the vowel-points would give etymologically “winnowers” or “fanners,” though the word is not found elsewhere. On the whole it would seem best to accept the meaning of “strangers,” the prophet connecting it with the verb for “fan,” which contains the same consonants, for the sake of a rhythmical asso...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 20 Jr 20:1-18. Jeremiah's Incarceration by Pashur, the Principal Officer of the Temple, for Prophesying within Its Precincts; His Renewed Predictions against the City, &amp;c., ON His Liberation. **1. son--**descendant. **of Immer--**one of the original "governors of the sanctuary and of the house of God," twenty-four in all, that is, sixteen of the sons of Eleazar and eight of the sons...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against him that lifteth himself up in his brigandine: and spare ye not her young men; destroy ye utterly all her host.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow</strong>—God commands the invaders to show no mercy to Babylon's warriors. The repetition of 'bend' (<em>darak</em>, דָּרַךְ, to tread, bend the bow) emphasizes aggressive combat. <strong>And against him that lifteth himself up in his brigandine</strong>—the <em>siryon</em> (סִרְיוֹן, coat of mail, scale armor) represents military prepar...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Let the archer bend his bow.**—The words represent the sense of the original, but the Hebrew word for “archer” is literally *bender, *and so the iteration of the verb gains its full rhetorical force. On “brigandine,” as meaning the “coat of mail” of heavy-armed troops, see Note on Jeremiah 46:4. The two classes of soldiers describe collectively the garrison that defended Babylon.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

2. The fact that Pashur was of the same order and of the same family as Jeremiah aggravates the indignity of the blow (1Ki 22:24; Mt 26:67). **stocks--**an instrument of torture with five holes, in which the neck, two hands, and two feet were thrust, the body being kept in a crooked posture (Jr 29:26). From a Hebrew root, to "turn," or "rack." This marks Pashur's cruelty. **high--**that is, th...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and they that are thrust through in her streets.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans</strong>—the <em>chalalim</em> (חֲלָלִים, slain, pierced) will litter the land. <strong>And they that are thrust through in her streets</strong>—the Hebrew <em>deqarim</em> (דְּקָרִים, pierced through, stabbed) emphasizes violent death in urban combat. The streets where Babylonians walked in security and pride become scenes of slaughte...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. Pashur--**compounded of two roots, meaning "largeness (and so 'security') on every side"; in antithesis to Magor-missabib, "terror round about" (Jr 20:10; Jr 6:25; 46:5; 49:29; Psa 31:13).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-8** The gospel of Christ shall be preached and published. How shall we escape if we neglect it? There is no salvation without righteousness. The soul shall, as to this world, vanish like smoke, and the body be thrown by like a worn-out garment. But those whose happiness is in Christ's righteousness and salvation, will have the comfort of it when time and days shall be no more. Clouds da...
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For Israel hath not been forsaken, nor Judah of his God, of the LORD of hosts; though their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

Despite Israel and Judah's sin ('their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel'), they are not 'forsaken' (Hebrew 'almanim' - widowed/abandoned) by God. Though they deserved abandonment, God remains their covenant God. This is pure grace - continued relationship despite continued sin. God's commitment to His people depends on His character, not theirs.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Israel hath not been forsaken.**—Better, *widowed. *The participle is from the word that commonly represents the idea of widowhood. Judah and Israel, the prophet declares, were not, as men thought, abandoned by their husband Jehovah. He was still their protector. The prophet has in his thoughts at once the image of apparent widowhood, as in Isaiah 50:1; Isaiah 54:4-6; Lamentations 1:1, and t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. terror ... to all thy friends--**who have believed thy false promises (Jr 20:6). The sense must be in order to accord with "fear round about" (Jr 20:3). I will bring terror on thee and on all thy friends, that terror arising from thyself, namely, thy false prophecies. Thou and thy prophecies will be seen, to the dismay both of thee and thy dupes, to have caused their ruin and thine. Maurer's ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-8** The gospel of Christ shall be preached and published. How shall we escape if we neglect it? There is no salvation without righteousness. The soul shall, as to this world, vanish like smoke, and the body be thrown by like a worn-out garment. But those whose happiness is in Christ's righteousness and salvation, will have the comfort of it when time and days shall be no more. Clouds da...
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Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off in her iniquity; for this is the time of the LORD'S vengeance; he will render unto her a recompence.

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KJV Study Commentary

God commands His people to 'flee out of the midst of Babylon' - both literally (the return from exile) and spiritually (separation from worldly systems). The warning 'be not cut off in her iniquity' emphasizes guilt by association. Babylon's judgment is God's vengeance ('the vengeance of the LORD'); His people must not share her fate. This anticipates Revelation 18:4 - 'Come out of her, my people....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Flee out of the midst of Babylon.**—The words reproduce the call of Jeremiah 50:8 with a fresh motive. The city was doomed. It was ill done for those who had not been guilty of her sins to involve themselves in her destruction. The call is reproduced, as referring to the mystical Babylon, in Revelation 18:4.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. strength--**that is, resources. **labours--**fruits of labor, gain, wealth.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-8** The gospel of Christ shall be preached and published. How shall we escape if we neglect it? There is no salvation without righteousness. The soul shall, as to this world, vanish like smoke, and the body be thrown by like a worn-out garment. But those whose happiness is in Christ's righteousness and salvation, will have the comfort of it when time and days shall be no more. Clouds da...
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Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD'S hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD's hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.</strong> The metaphor of Babylon as God's "golden cup" presents profound theological complexity. Despite Babylon's wickedness, God used the empire as an instrument of judgment—the cup from which nations drank God's wrath. The adjective "go...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Babylon hath been a golden cup . . .**—The “golden cup” points to the splendour of Babylon, outwardly, as a vessel made to honour (see Notes on Jer. 1.37). But the “wine” in that cup was poisoned, intoxicating men with wild ambitions and dark idolatries. The same image re-appears in Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:4, save that there the “golden cup” is in the hand of the harlot, “whose name i...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. prophesied lies--**namely, that God cannot possibly leave this land without prophets, priests, and teachers ("the wise") (Jr 18:18; compare Jr 5:31).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-8** The gospel of Christ shall be preached and published. How shall we escape if we neglect it? There is no salvation without righteousness. The soul shall, as to this world, vanish like smoke, and the body be thrown by like a worn-out garment. But those whose happiness is in Christ's righteousness and salvation, will have the comfort of it when time and days shall be no more. Clouds da...
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Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed</strong> (פִּתְאֹם נָפְלָה בָבֶל, <em>pit'om naflah Bavel</em>)—the adverb "suddenly" emphasizes the unexpected swiftness of Babylon's collapse. Despite appearing invincible, the empire fell to Cyrus in a single night (539 BC). The perfect tense "is fallen" prophetically declares accomplished fact, demonstrating prophetic certainty.<br><br><strong>H...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Babylon is suddenly fallen . . .**—The form of announcement seems taken in part from Isaiah 21:9. **Take balm for her pain . . .**—The words are significant. The captive people are not invited simply to raise a shout of triumph at the fall of their oppressor: they are to “take balm” (comp. the use of the same image in Jeremiah 8:22; Jeremiah 46:11), and try to heal her. They are still to “se...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

7. Jeremiah's complaint, not unlike that of Job, breathing somewhat of human infirmity in consequence of his imprisonment. Thou didst promise never to give me up to the will of mine enemies, and yet Thou hast done so. But Jeremiah misunderstood God's promise, which was not that he should have nothing to suffer, but that God would deliver him out of sufferings (Jr 1:19). **deceived--**Others tran...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-8** The gospel of Christ shall be preached and published. How shall we escape if we neglect it? There is no salvation without righteousness. The soul shall, as to this world, vanish like smoke, and the body be thrown by like a worn-out garment. But those whose happiness is in Christ's righteousness and salvation, will have the comfort of it when time and days shall be no more. Clouds da...
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We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, and let us go every one into his own country: for her judgment reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies.

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KJV Study Commentary

'We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed.' This suggests God's people attempted to be witnesses for righteousness in Babylon (Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego), but the nation remained incorrigible. At some point, efforts to reform the unreformable must cease. The command 'forsake her' recognizes when judgment becomes inevitable. Christians live as witnesses but sometimes must 'shak...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **We would have healed Babylon . . .**—This is the dramatic answer of the Israelite exiles to the prophet’s appeal. They have done what they could, but all was in vain. The guilt could not be washed away, the punishment could not be averted. The “judgment” is measureless as is the distance from heaven to earth. This is also reproduced in Revelation 18:5. For the phrase, as applied to Nebuchadn...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

8. Rather, "Whenever I speak, I cry out. Concerning violence and spoil, I (am compelled to) cry out," that is, complain [Maurer]. English Version in the last clause is more graphic, "I cried violence and spoil" (Jr 6:7)! I could not speak in a calm tone; their desperate wickedness compelled me to "cry out." **because--**rather, "therefore," the apodosis of the previous sentence; because in disch...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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The LORD hath brought forth our righteousness: come, and let us declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The LORD hath brought forth our righteousness: come, and let us declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God.</strong> This verse expresses vindication after judgment. The phrase "brought forth our righteousness" (<em>hotsi YHWH et-tsidqotenu</em>) doesn't claim inherent human righteousness but acknowledges God's justification of His people against false accusations. Babylon had treated Is...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **The Lord hath brought forth our righteousness . . .**—The Hebrew noun is plural—the many *righteous acts *or forms of righteousness. The thought is parallel to that of Isaiah 62:1. The exile in Babylon had been a time of reformation and growth in righteousness. The day of vengeance on the oppressing city was also a day of acquittal for Israel. It was seen that she had not forfeited the favo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. his word was--**or literally, "there was in my heart, as it were, a burning fire," that is, the divine afflatus or impulse to speak was as ... (Job 32:18, 19; Psa 39:3). **weary with forbearing, and I could not--**"I labored to contain myself, but I could not" (Ac 18:5; compare Jr 23:9; 1Co 9:16, 17).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple. bright: Heb. pure

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Make bright the arrows; gather the shields</strong>—the command to polish arrows (Hebrew בָּרוּ, <em>baru</em>, polish, sharpen) and gather shields prepares for battle. <strong>The LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes</strong>—God's sovereignty extends to pagan rulers' motivations. The phrase "raised up the spirit" (הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ, <em>he'ir et-ruach</em>) indicates d...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Make bright the arrows.**—Better, *Sharpen, *the “polishing” or “making bright” being as the means to that end. **Gather the shields.**—Literally, *fill the shields, i.e.,* arm yourselves with them, The large shields of the Persian soldiers covered the whole body, and the man literally filled them. The LXX. and Vulgate agree in rendering the noun “quivers” instead of “shields,” but this wou...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. For--**not referring to the words immediately preceding, but to "I will not make mention of Him." The "defaming" or detraction of the enemy on every side (see Psa 31:13) tempted him to think of prophesying no more. **Report ... we will report--**The words of his adversaries one to the other; give any information against him (true or false) which will give color for accusing him; and "we wi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes: for the LORD hath both devised and done that which he spake against the inhabitants of Babylon. ambushes: Heb. liers in wait

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon</strong>—the military banner (נֵס, <em>nes</em>) signals attack. Ironically, Babylon's own walls become the staging point for siege preparations against her. <strong>Make the watch strong, set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes</strong>—the threefold military command (strengthen guard, station sentries, position ambushers) emphasizes thoroug...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon.**—The Authorised version, following the LXX. and the Vulgate, takes the words as an ironical summons to a defence which will prove fruitless. The preposition for “upon” may, however, mean *against*, and this agrees better with the context. The “standards” are the banners or signals that direct an attack on a given point of the walls. The “watch...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. not prevail--**as they hoped to do (Jr 20:10; Jr 15:20). **prosper--**in their plot.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, and the measure of thy covetousness.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>O thou that dwellest upon many waters</strong>—Babylon's location on the Euphrates River and extensive canal system provided agricultural prosperity, transportation, and defensive moats. The "many waters" (מַיִם רַבִּים, <em>mayim rabbim</em>) represent both literal geography and symbolic prosperity. Revelation 17:1, 15 uses this imagery: "the great whore that sitteth upon many waters... T...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **O thou that dwellest upon many waters.—**The words find an illustration of singular interest in an inscription of Nebuchadnezzar’s given by Oppert (*Expéd. en Mésop. *i. p. 231): “I made water to flow all around in this immense dyke of earth. I carried an aqueduct across these great waters that are like unto the depths of the sea.” See also *Records of the Past, v.* 128. The channels which ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. triest the righteous--**in latent contrast to the hasty judgments of men (Jr 11:20; 17:10). **opened--**that is, committed (compare 2Ki 19:14; Psa 35:1).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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The LORD of hosts hath sworn by himself, saying, Surely I will fill thee with men, as with caterpillers; and they shall lift up a shout against thee. by himself: Heb. by his soul lift up: Heb. utter

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The LORD of hosts hath sworn by himself</strong>—the divine oath's strongest possible form, since no higher authority exists (Hebrews 6:13). God's self-oath guarantees absolute certainty. The title "LORD of hosts" (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, <em>YHWH Tseva'ot</em>) emphasizes sovereign command over heavenly and earthly armies—Babylon faces the Commander of all forces.<br><br><strong>Surely I will fi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **The Lord of hosts hath sworn by himself.—**This is, as in Jeremiah 49:13; Amos 6:8, the most solemn form of affirmation. Compare Hebrews 6:13, and Note on Jeremiah 49:13. **Surely I will fill thee with men, as with Caterpillers.**—Better, *with grasshoppers *or *locusts, *the fullest type of the swarms of the destroyer (Nahum 3:15). The “Surely” answers to the Hebrew “For if,” as giving the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. delivered ... soul--**This deliverance took place when Zedekiah succeeded Jeconiah.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven by his understanding.

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KJV Study Commentary

This doxology celebrating God as Creator stands in stark contrast to Babylon's impotent idols. The threefold declaration - made earth by power, established world by wisdom, stretched heavens by understanding - ascribes all creation to God alone. Babylon's gods are 'vanity' and 'the work of errors' (v18), but YAHWEH is 'the portion of Jacob' (v19). Worship belongs to the Creator, not the created.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15-19) **He hath made the earth by his power . . .**—The five verses are a reproduction of Jeremiah 10:12-16, fitted in here to enhance the majesty of Him Who decrees the destruction of Babylon, and appoints Israel to be the instrument of that destruction. The word “Israel,” as the italics show, is wanting in the Hebrew, and we have a sufficient sense without it. “He is the former of all things, ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

14-18. The contrast between the spirit of this passage and the preceding thanksgiving is to be explained thus: to show how great was the deliverance (Jr 20:13), he subjoins a picture of what his wounded spirit had been previous to his deliverance; I had said in the time of my imprisonment, "Cursed be the day"; my feeling was that of Job (Job 3:3, 10, 11, whose words Jeremiah therefore copies). Tho...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in the heavens; and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth: he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures. multitude: or, noise

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in the heavens</strong>—this doxology celebrating God's creative power stands in stark contrast to Babylon's impotent idols (verses 17-18). The phrase "multitude of waters" (הֲמוֹן מַיִם, <em>hamon mayim</em>) describes rain clouds responding to God's voice—thunder announcing storms. <strong>And he causeth the vapours to ascend fro...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

14-18. The contrast between the spirit of this passage and the preceding thanksgiving is to be explained thus: to show how great was the deliverance (Jr 20:13), he subjoins a picture of what his wounded spirit had been previous to his deliverance; I had said in the time of my imprisonment, "Cursed be the day"; my feeling was that of Job (Job 3:3, 10, 11, whose words Jeremiah therefore copies). Tho...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-16** The people whom Christ has redeemed with his blood, as well as by his power, will obtain joyful deliverance from every enemy. He that designs such joy for us at last, will he not work such deliverance in the mean time, as our cases require? In this world of changes, it is a short step from joy to sorrow, but in that world, sorrow shall never come in view. They prayed for the displa...
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Every man is brutish by his knowledge; every founder is confounded by the graven image: for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them. is brutish: or, is more brutish than to know

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Every man is brutish by his knowledge</strong>—the word "brutish" (בָּעַר, <em>ba'ar</em>, be stupid, be brutish) means becoming animal-like, lacking spiritual discernment. The phrase "by his knowledge" is ironic: human wisdom apart from God produces stupidity. Romans 1:22 echoes this: "Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools." Worldly learning without divine revelation breeds ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

14-18. The contrast between the spirit of this passage and the preceding thanksgiving is to be explained thus: to show how great was the deliverance (Jr 20:13), he subjoins a picture of what his wounded spirit had been previous to his deliverance; I had said in the time of my imprisonment, "Cursed be the day"; my feeling was that of Job (Job 3:3, 10, 11, whose words Jeremiah therefore copies). Tho...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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They are vanity, the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They are vanity, the work of errors</strong>—idols are "vanity" (הֶבֶל, <em>hevel</em>, vapor, breath, vanity)—the same word describing life's futility in Ecclesiastes. Idols are insubstantial, worthless, fleeting. The phrase "work of errors" (מַעֲשֵׂה תַּעְתֻּעִים, <em>ma'aseh ta'tu'im</em>, work of mockeries/delusions) suggests both the craftsmen's deluded effort and the idols' mockable ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

14-18. The contrast between the spirit of this passage and the preceding thanksgiving is to be explained thus: to show how great was the deliverance (Jr 20:13), he subjoins a picture of what his wounded spirit had been previous to his deliverance; I had said in the time of my imprisonment, "Cursed be the day"; my feeling was that of Job (Job 3:3, 10, 11, whose words Jeremiah therefore copies). Tho...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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The portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of all things: and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: the LORD of hosts is his name.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The portion of Jacob is not like them</strong>—"portion" (חֵלֶק, <em>cheleq</em>, share, portion, inheritance) designates what belongs to someone. While pagans have worthless idols, Jacob's portion is the living God Himself. Psalm 16:5 declares: "The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance." This reverses typical religion: instead of God being what humans possess, God possesses His people,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

14-18. The contrast between the spirit of this passage and the preceding thanksgiving is to be explained thus: to show how great was the deliverance (Jr 20:13), he subjoins a picture of what his wounded spirit had been previous to his deliverance; I had said in the time of my imprisonment, "Cursed be the day"; my feeling was that of Job (Job 3:3, 10, 11, whose words Jeremiah therefore copies). Tho...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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Thou art my battle axe and weapons of war: for with thee will I break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms; with thee: or, in thee, or, by thee

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KJV Study Commentary

God calls Babylon 'my battle axe and weapons of war' - acknowledging He used them to execute judgment on nations. This doesn't excuse Babylon's cruelty but recognizes God's sovereignty in using evil nations to accomplish His purposes. God can use wicked instruments for righteous ends, yet the instruments remain accountable for their motives and methods (Hab 1:6-17).

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Thou art my battle ax . . .**—Better, *my mace. *The axe is not found on Assyrian monuments as a weapon of war till a comparatively late period. It is a question who is thus addressed—Babylon, or Cyrus as the destroyer of Babylon, or Israel. On the whole, the second seems the more probable answer. The “hammer of the whole earth” is broken by a mightier weapon than itself. (See Note on Jerem...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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And with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider; and with thee will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider</strong>—God addresses either Cyrus/Medes (His instrument of judgment) or ironically Babylon herself (whom He previously used to judge nations, now broken by being His weapon). The verb "break in pieces" (נָפַץ, <em>napats</em>, shatter, scatter) appears 9 times in verses 20-23, emphasizing thorough destruction. Horse and rider r...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 21 Jr 21:1-44. Zedekiah Consults Jeremiah What Is to Be the Event of the War: God's Answer. Written probably when, after having repulsed the Egyptians who brought succors to the Jews (Jr 37:5-8; 2Ki 24:7), the Chaldees were a second time advancing against Jerusalem, but were not yet closely besieging it (Jr 21:4, 13) [Rosenmuller]. This chapter probably ought to be placed between the thi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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With thee also will I break in pieces man and woman; and with thee will I break in pieces old and young; and with thee will I break in pieces the young man and the maid;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>With thee also will I break in pieces man and woman; and with thee will I break in pieces old and young; and with thee will I break in pieces the young man and the maid</strong>—This verse begins a relentless catalog of categories God will shatter using Babylon (the "thee") as His battle-axe (v. 20). The Hebrew verb <em>naphats</em> (נָפַץ, "break in pieces") appears twelve times in verses...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. Nebuchadrezzar--**the more usual way of spelling the name in Jeremiah than Nebuchadnezzar. From Persiac roots, meaning either "Nebo, the chief of the gods," or, "Nebo, the god of fire." He was son of Nabopolassar, who committed the command of the army against Egypt, at Carchemish, and against Judea, to the crown prince. **according to all his wondrous works--**Zedekiah hopes for God's speci...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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I will also break in pieces with thee the shepherd and his flock; and with thee will I break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with thee will I break in pieces captains and rulers.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I will also break in pieces with thee the shepherd and his flock; and with thee will I break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with thee will I break in pieces captains and rulers</strong>—The relentless repetition of <em>naphats</em> continues, now targeting occupational and social structures. The shepherd/flock pairing represents pastoral economy; husbandman (<em>ikkar</...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **With thee will I break in pieces captains and rulers.**—The exhausting of all sorts and conditions of men culminates in the ruling caste. The Hebrew word for “captain” (*Pekha*) is interesting as connected with the Arabic, with which we are now familiar in the form *Pacha *(Fürst, *Lex.*)*.*

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 17-23** God calls upon his people to mind the things that belong to their everlasting peace. Jerusalem had provoked God, and was made to taste the bitter fruits. Those who should have been her comforters, were their own tormentors. They have no patience by which to keep possesion of their own souls, nor any confidence in God's promise, by which to keep possession of its comfort. Thou art ...
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And I will render unto Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, saith the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And I will render unto Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, saith the LORD</strong>—This verse shifts from Babylon as instrument (vv. 20-23) to Babylon as target. The Hebrew <em>shalam</em> (שָׁלַם, "render/repay") carries the sense of full recompense or settling accounts—divine justice operates on a lex talionis (law of re...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. God of Israel--**Those "wondrous works" (Jr 21:2) do not belong to you; God is faithful; it is you who forfeit the privileges of the covenant by unfaithfulness. "God will always remain the God of Israel, though He destroy thee and thy people" [Calvin]. **turn back the weapons--**I will turn them to a very different use from what you intend them. With them you now fight against the Chaldees ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, which destroyest all the earth: and I will stretch out mine hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, which destroyest all the earth: and I will stretch out mine hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain</strong>—The metaphor shifts dramatically: Babylon, situated on Mesopotamian plains, is called a "mountain" (<em>har</em>, הַר). In biblical symbolism, mountains represent kingdom...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **O destroying mountain.**—Singularly enough the phrase is the same as that which is applied in 2Kings 23:13 to the Mount of Olives, and is there rendered by the Authorised version as “the Mount of Corruption.” It adds to the interest that this name so given appears in the reign of Josiah, and must therefore have been familiar to Jeremiah. There it is applied to the Mount of Olives as having ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

5. The Jews shall have not merely the Chaldees, but Jehovah Himself in wrath at their provocations, fighting against them. Every word enhances the formidable character of God's opposition, "I myself ... outstretched hand ... strong arm (no longer as in Ex 6:6, and in the case of Sennacherib, in your behalf, but) in anger ... fury ... great wrath."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And they shall not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but thou shalt be desolate for ever, saith the LORD. desolate: Heb. everlasting desolations

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they shall not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but thou shalt be desolate for ever, saith the LORD</strong>—This prophecy declares Babylon's permanent ruin. Unlike typical ancient cities that were rebuilt after destruction (Jerusalem was rebuilt after Babylonian conquest), Babylon would become so desolate that not even its stones would be salvaged for ne...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **They shall not take of thee a stone for a corner.**—The prophet uses general language applicable to any city destroyed by fire, without noting the special fact that Babylon was built of bricks.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers</strong>—God summons a multinational coalition to execute judgment on Babylon. The "standard" (<em>nes</em>, נֵס) was a military ral...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Prepare the nations.**—The word here and in Jeremiah 51:29 conveys, as in Jeremiah 22:7, the idea of consecration. **Call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz.**—The first of these names was unknown to Greek and Roman geographers, and though here rendered *Arareth *by the LXX., is elsewhere translated by Armenia, as in the English version of Isaiah 37:38. The na...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. the people, and such--**rather, explanatory, "the people," namely, "such as are left." **seek their life--**content with nothing short of their death; not content with plundering and enslaving them. **smite with ... sword--**This was the fate of Zedekiah's sons and many of the Jewish nobles. Zedekiah himself, though not put to a violent death, died of grief. Compare as to the accurate ful...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Prepare against her the nations with the kings of the Medes, the captains thereof, and all the rulers thereof, and all the land of his dominion.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Prepare against her the nations with the kings of the Medes, the captains thereof, and all the rulers thereof, and all the land of his dominion</strong>—This verse specifies the Medes as the primary agents of Babylon's destruction, along with their administrative structure: kings (<em>malakhim</em>), captains (<em>pachot</em>, governors), and rulers (<em>seganim</em>, prefects). The compre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **All the land of his dominion.**—The use of the singular pronoun indicates that the prophet recognises the fact that the kings, captains, and rulers (see Note on Jeremiah 51:23) are all under one sovereign leader—*i.e.,* under the king of the Medes and Persians.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

8. "Life," if ye surrender; "death," if ye persist in opposing the Chaldees (compare De 30:19). The individuality of Jeremiah's mission from God is shown in that he urges to unconditional surrender; whereas all former prophets had urged the people to oppose their invaders (Is 7:16; 37:33, 35).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of the LORD shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of the LORD shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant</strong>—The Hebrew verbs "tremble" (<em>ra'ash</em>, רָעַשׁ) and "sorrow" (<em>chul</em>, חוּל) create vivid imagery: the land itself convulses in birth pangs or earthquake tremors as God's judgment arrives. This personific...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **And the land shall tremble and sorrow.**—The verbs in the Hebrew are in the past tense, the prophet seeing, as it were, the very event which he portrays passing before him in his vision.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

9. (Jr 38:2, 17, 18). **falleth to--**deserts to. **life ... a prey--**proverbial, to make one's escape with life, like a valuable spoil or prey that one carries off; the narrowness of the escape, and the joy felt at it, are included in the idea (Jr 39:18).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken</strong>—This verse describes Babylon's military collapse through vivid imagery. The "mighty men" (<em>gibborim</em>, גִּבֹּרִים), Babylon's elite warriors, "forborn to fight" (<em>chadelu lehilachem</em>...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **The mighty men of Babylon have for born to fight.**—The verses that follow paint the capture of the city by the stratagem related in the Note on Jeremiah 50:24. Those who “have burned” are, of course, the invaders. They here begin by setting the houses of the city on fire and breaking open the gates that led from the river into the streets of the city, while the panic-stricken people fled t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. set ... face against--**determined to punish (See on Le 17:10).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end</strong>—This verse captures the chaos and confusion of Babylon's fall with cinematic vividness. The word "post" (<em>rats</em>, רָץ) means runner or courier—ancient equivalent of emergency messengers. The image of messengers running toward each other from di...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **One post shall run to meet another.**—The words exactly answer to the account of the capture of Babylon given in Herod. i. (see Note on Jeremiah 51:24). The history of Belshazzar’s feast (Daniel 5:1-30) must obviously have ended in a like result. No words could paint more vividly the panic of the surprised city.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And that the passages are stopped, and the reeds they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And that the passages are stopped, and the reeds they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.</strong> This verse continues the description of Babylon's sudden fall, depicting military collapse from multiple angles. <strong>The passages are stopped</strong> (Hebrew <em>ma'barot</em>, מַעְבָּרוֹת) refers to river fords and crossing points—strategic locations controlling mo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **That the passages are stopped.**—These were probably the ferries across the Euphrates, by which one part of the city was in communication with the other. These were at the ends of the streets that ran at right angles to the river, and gates—left open in the panic of surprise—led down to them. Besides these there was one bridge over the Euphrates in the middle and a tunnel under it (Herod. i...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. house of David--**the royal family and all in office about the king. He calls them so, because it was the greater disgrace that they had so degenerated from the piety of their forefather, David; and to repress their glorying in their descent from him, as if they were therefore inviolable; but God will not spare them as apostates. **in the morning--**alluding to the time of dispensing justi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon is like a threshingfloor, it is time to thresh her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come. it is: or, in the time that he thresheth her

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon is like a threshingfloor, it is time to thresh her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come.</strong> This agricultural metaphor depicts divine judgment with pastoral imagery familiar to Jeremiah's audience. <strong>The daughter of Babylon</strong> (Hebrew <em>bat-Bavel</em>, בַּת־בָּבֶל) person...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **The daughter of Babylon . . .**—More literally, *The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing-floor, in the time when it is trodden *(*i.e., *when it is being prepared for the actual process), *yet a little while, and the time of harvest shall come to her. *The imagery is so familiar that it hardly needs an illustration (see Psalm 1:4; Isaiah 21:10; Isaiah 28:27-28; Micah 4:13). The time of ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain--**Jerusalem personified; situated for the most part on hills, with valleys at the bottom of them, as the valley of Hinnom, &amp;c.; and beyond the valleys and mountains again, a position most fortified by nature, whence the inhabitants fancied themselves beyond the reach of enemies; but since God is "against" them, their position will avail no...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out.</strong> This verse gives voice to Jerusalem's lament, personifying the city as a victim of Babylonian violence. The succession of verbs—devoured, crushed, emptied, swallowed, cast o...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(34) **He hath made me an empty vessel.**—The pronouns in one form of the Hebrew text are most of them in the plural, “devoured *us, *crushed *us, *made *us.*” The prophet speaks of himself and Israel as having suffered wrong and outrage at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar. The land had been spoiled till it was as an “empty vessel.” **He hath swallowed me up like a dragon.**—The Hebrew noun probably st...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. fruit of your doings--**(Pr 1:31; Is 3:10, 11). **forest thereof--**namely of your city, taken from Jr 21:13. "Forest" refers to the dense mass of houses built of cedar, &amp;c., brought from Lebanon (Jr 22:7; 52:13; 2Ki 25:9).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say. The violence: Heb. My violence flesh: or, remainder inhabitant: Heb. inhabitress

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say.</strong> This imprecatory prayer calls for justice, invoking the lex talionis (law of retaliation) principle that violence returns upon the perpetrator. <strong>The violence done to me and to my flesh</strong> translates <em>ḥamasi u-...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(35) **The violence done to me and to my flesh . . .**—The imagery of the “dragon” or “crocodile” is continued. The “*inhabitress of Zion*” pleads that her “flesh” and “blood” have been devoured by the Babylonian conqueror, and asks for the application of the law of retribution.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry.</strong> God responds to Jerusalem's imprecatory prayer (v. 35) with a divine commitment to justice. <strong>I will plead thy cause</strong> uses <em>rav et rivekh</em> (רָב אֶת־רִיבֵךְ), employing legal terminology—God acts as advocate and judge ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(36) **I will dry up her sea . . .**—The nouns have been variously interpreted, some commentators referring it to the “sea” of confluent nations, and finding the wealth of Babylon in the “springs” that fed its greatness; others to the Euphrates, or to the sea-like alluvial plain, intersected by canals and streams in which the city stood, often flooded by the river, so that it became as an actual s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 22 Jr 22:1-30. Exhortation to Repentance; Judgment on Shallum, Jehoiakim, and Coniah. Belonging to an earlier period than the twenty-first chapter, namely, the reigns of Shallum or Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, and Jeconiah (Jr 22:10, 13, 20). Jeremiah often groups his prophecies, not by chronological order, but by similarity of subjects; thus Jr 22:3 corresponds to Jr 21:12. Grotius thinks that ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.</strong> This verse pronounces Babylon's complete desolation, using four vivid images of abandonment and curse. <strong>Heaps</strong> translates <em>gallim</em> (גַּלִּים), meaning ruins, mounds of rubble—cities reduced to archaeological tells. <strong>A dwellingplace for d...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(37) **Babylon shall become heaps . . .**—It is significant, as emphasising the law of retribution, that the terms are the same as those used of Jerusalem in Jeremiah 9:11; Jeremiah 19:8; Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 25:18. Nothing is more characteristic of the present aspect of Babylon than the “heaps” or mounds of brickwork, fragments of pottery and earth, that are now scattered over the plain, and a...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. these gates--**of the king's palace.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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They shall roar together like lions: they shall yell as lions' whelps. yell: or, shake themselves

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They shall roar together like lions: they shall yell as lions' whelps.</strong> This verse shifts imagery from Babylon's desolation (v. 37) to the behavior of Babylonians before judgment falls. The lion imagery has dual significance: it depicts Babylon's former strength and ferocity, but contextually suggests futile defiance or drunken revelry before sudden destruction. <strong>Roar togeth...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(38) **They shall roar together like lions . . .**—The words are not a continuation of the picture of the preceding verse, but carry us to the scene of revelry that preceded the capture of the city. The princes of Babylon were as “young lions” (Amos 3:4) roaring over their prey. The first clause as well as the second conveys this meaning, and there is probably a reference to the youth of rulers li...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

3. Jehoiakim is meant here especially: he, by oppression, levied the tribute imposed on him by Pharaoh-necho, king of Egypt (2Ch 36:3), and taxed his people, and took their labor without pay, to build gorgeous palaces for himself (Jr 22:13-17), and shed innocent blood, for example, that of Urijah the prophet (Jr 26:20-24; 2Ki 23:35; 24:4).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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In their heat I will make their feasts, and I will make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In their heat I will make their feasts, and I will make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the LORD.</strong> This verse reveals God's sovereign orchestration of Babylon's final feast, turning their celebration into death. <strong>In their heat</strong> translates <em>be-ḥummam</em> (בְּחֻמָּם), meaning in their excitement, passion, or hea...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(39) **In their heat I will make their feasts . . .**—The words are stern and bitter in their irony. When the revellers are hot with wine and lust (comp. Hosea 7:4-7) Jehovah would call them to a banquet of another kind. The wine cup which He would give them would be that of His wrath (Jeremiah 25:16-17), and their drunken joy should end in an eternal sleep. So Herodotus (i. 191) narrates that whe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. upon the throne of David--**literally, "or David on his throne" (see on Jr 13:13). This verse is repeated substantially from Jr 17:25. **his servants--**so the Keri. But Chetib, singular, "his servant;" that is, distributively, "each with his servants;" Jr 17:25, "their princes."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he goats.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he goats.</strong> This stunning reversal contrasts Babylon's lion-like roaring (v. 38) with their actual fate—helpless as sacrificial animals. <strong>Bring them down</strong> translates <em>oridēm</em> (אוֹרִידֵם), meaning to cause to descend, bring low, humble—spatial and metaphorical descent from power to powerlessness....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(40) **I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter . . .**—The figure is changed, and the revellers appear as themselves destined to be the victims of the slaughter-house (Jeremiah 48:15; Jeremiah 50:27). As the “bullocks” of Jeremiah 50:27 are the chosen warriors, so the lambs, sheep, he-goats represent the different classes of the population of Babylon (Isaiah 34:6; Ezekiel 39:18). All al...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. I swear by myself--**(He 6:13, 17). God swears because it seemed to them incredible that the family of David should be cast off. **this house--**the king's, where Jeremiah spake (Jr 22:4).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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How is Sheshach taken! and how is the praise of the whole earth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>How is Sheshach taken! and how is the praise of the whole earth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!</strong> This lament expresses shock at Babylon's fall, using both its common name and coded name (<em>Sheshach</em>). <strong>Sheshach</strong> is an Atbash cipher for Babylon (substituting letters: in Hebrew alphabet, shin-shin-kaph = bet-bet-lamed = Babel)....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(41) **How is Sheshach taken!**—“Sheshach,” it will be remembered, is the cypher which, as explained in the Note on Jeremiah 25:26, stands for Babylon. Here, in the parallelism of Hebrew poetry, it balances the actual name of the city in the second clause of the verse. The word “surprised” is the same as that rendered “stopped” in Jeremiah 51:32.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

6. Though thou art as beautiful as Gilead, and as majestic in Mine eyes (before Me) as the summit of Lebanon, yet surely (the Hebrew is a formula of swearing to express certainly: "If I do not make thee ... believe Me not ever hereafter": so "as truly as I live," Nu 14:28; "surely," Nu 14:35). The mention of Gilead may allude not only to its past beauty, but covertly also to its desolation by the ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.</strong> This prophecy employs vivid oceanic imagery to depict Babylon's overwhelming destruction. The Hebrew <em>yam</em> (יָם, sea) typically refers to literal seas, but here functions metaphorically for invading armies—a common biblical image for foreign military forces (Isaiah 8:7-8, Daniel 11:40)....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(42) **The sea is come up upon Babylon . . .**—The literal explanation of the words as referring to the foundation of the Euphrates adopted by some commentators is clearly inadmissible, and is at variance with the next verse. The prophet falls back on an image which he had used before (Jeremiah 46:7), and which had become familiar through Isaiah (Isaiah 8:7-8; Isaiah 17:12), and speaks of Babylon ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. prepare--**literally, "sanctify," or solemnly set apart for a particular work (compare Is 13:3). **thy choice cedars--**(Is 37:24). Thy palaces built of choice cedars (So 1:17).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby.</strong> This verse intensifies the judgment imagery, contrasting with verse 42's "sea" metaphor. Now Babylon becomes utterly arid—<em>tsiyah</em> (צִיָּה, dry land) and <em>midbar</em> (מִדְבָּר, wilderness/desert), terms denoting uninhabitable wasteland. Th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(43) **Her cities are a desolation . . .**—The word for “wilderness” is *Arabah, *commonly used of the sandy desert south of the Dead Sea. The prophet seems to dwell with a stern delight on the seeming paradox that the sea with which Babylon is to be oversowed, the floods of invaders and destroyers, shall leave her cities and her plains drier and more sandy than before.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

8. (De 29:24, 25). The Gentile nations, more intelligent than you, shall understand that which ye do not, namely, that this city is a spectacle of God's vengeance [Calvin].

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up: and the nations shall not flow together any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up: and the nations shall not flow together any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall.</strong> This verse targets Babylon's chief deity, <em>Bel</em> (בֵּל), also called Marduk, whose temple (Esagila) dominated Babylon's religious life. The name Bel means "lord" or "master,"...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(44) **And I will punish Bel in Babylon.**—See Note on Jeremiah 50:2. The god whom Babylon worshipped is, as before, thought of as sharing her downfall. He is made to disgorge his spoil, the vessels of the Temple of Jehovah that had been placed in his temple (Daniel 5:2; Ezra 1:7). **The wall of Babylon shall fall.**—The words, though they repeat the statement of Jeremiah 50:15, have here a specia...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

9. (2Ki 22:17).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul from the fierce anger of the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

'My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul from the fierce anger of the LORD.' This urgent call to flee Babylon echoes 51:6 and anticipates Revelation 18:4. Separation from corrupt systems is necessary for spiritual survival. The phrase 'deliver ye every man his soul' emphasizes individual responsibility - each person must actively pursue holiness and separation f...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(45) **Go ye out of the midst of her . . .**—The prophet repeats, with all the emphasis of iteration, the summons of Jeremiah 50:8; Jeremiah 51:6. The “fierce anger of the Lord” is that which was directed primarily against Babylon, but which would also fall on those who chose to remain and become “partakers in her plagues.” (Compare Revelation 18:4.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10-11. Weep ... not for--**that is, not so much for Josiah, who was taken away by death from the evil to come (2Ki 22:20; Is 57:1); as for Shallum or Jehoahaz, his son (2Ki 23:30), who, after a three months' reign, was carried off by Pharaoh-necho into Egypt, never to see his native land again (2Ki 23:31-34). Dying saints are justly to be envied, while living sinners are to be pitied. The allusi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And lest your heart faint, and ye fear for the rumour that shall be heard in the land; a rumour shall both come one year, and after that in another year shall come a rumour, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler. lest: or, let not

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And lest your heart faint, and ye fear for the rumour that shall be heard in the land; a rumour shall both come one year, and after that in another year shall come a rumour, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler.</strong> This verse addresses Jewish exiles in Babylon who might become anxious about geopolitical instability surrounding Babylon's fall. <em>Lest your heart faint</em> t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(46) **And lest your heart faint . . .**—Better, *Let not your heart faint; fear ye not . . .* **For the rumour that shall be heard in the land.**—It lies in the nature of the case that the final catastrophe of the city would be preceded by a period of uncertainty and suspense. Men would hear of the union of the Medes and Persians under Cyrus, of the murder of Evil-Merodach by Neriglissar, of the ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10-11. Weep ... not for--**that is, not so much for Josiah, who was taken away by death from the evil to come (2Ki 22:20; Is 57:1); as for Shallum or Jehoahaz, his son (2Ki 23:30), who, after a three months' reign, was carried off by Pharaoh-necho into Egypt, never to see his native land again (2Ki 23:31-34). Dying saints are justly to be envied, while living sinners are to be pitied. The allusi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Therefore, behold, the days come, that I will do judgment upon the graven images of Babylon: and her whole land shall be confounded, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her. do: Heb. visit upon

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore, behold, the days come, that I will do judgment upon the graven images of Babylon: and her whole land shall be confounded, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her.</strong> This verse reiterates God's judgment against Babylon's idolatry. <em>Graven images</em> (<em>pesilim</em>, פְּסִילִים) refers to carved idols, the physical representations of false gods that dominated...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(47) **Therefore, behold, the days come . . .**—The first word has its full force. The Israelite exiles were to infer from the rumours and disorders of the preceding verse, that the day of vengeance was at hand. The formula, “behold, the days come,” was Jeremiah’s customary manner of announcing a prediction (comp. Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 16:14, *et al.*)*. *For “slain” some commentators read “woun...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Then the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come unto her from the north, saith the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come unto her from the north, saith the LORD.</strong> This verse presents cosmic celebration at Babylon's fall. <strong>The heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing</strong> uses <em>ranan</em> (רָנַן), meaning to cry out in joy, shout, or sing jubilantly—the response of...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(48) **Then the heaven and the earth . . .**—The prophet, following in the track of Isaiah (Isaiah 44:23), thinks of the whole creation as rejoicing in the righteous judgment of Jehovah on the guilty city, and in the liberation of His people. They sing, as it were, their *Te Deum *over the fall of Babylon under the attack of the Medo-Persian armies “from the North.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. Not only did Jehoiakim tax the people (2Ki 23:35) for Pharaoh's tribute, but also took their forced labor, without pay, for building a splendid palace; in violation of Le 19:13; De 24:14, 15. Compare Mi 3:10; Ha 2:9; Jas 5:4. God will repay in justice those who will not in justice pay those whom they employ.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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As Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth. As: or, Both Babylon is to fall, O ye slain of Israel, and with Babylon, etc the earth: or, the country

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>As Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth.</strong> This verse articulates the <em>lex talionis</em> (law of retribution) principle governing Babylon's judgment: <strong>As Babylon hath caused... so at Babylon shall fall</strong>. The Hebrew construction emphasizes direct correspondence between crime and punishment. <em>Slain</e...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(49) **As Babylon hath caused . . .**—The interpolated words and the marginal reading indicate that the construction is obscure, but the Authorised version probably comes close to the meaning of the original. The punishment that falls on Babylon comes on account of her slaughter of the Israelites, but in that punishment other nations from all parts of the earth who are mingled with her people shou...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. wide--**literally, "a house of dimensions" ("measures"). Compare Nu 13:32, Margin, "men of statures." **large--**rather, as Margin, "airy" from Hebrew root, "to breathe freely." Upper rooms in the East are the principal apartments. **cutteth him out windows--**The Hebrew, if a noun, is rather, "my windows"; then the translation ought to be, "and let my windows (Jehoiakim speaking) be cut...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Ye that have escaped the sword, go away, stand not still: remember the LORD afar off, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.

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KJV Study Commentary

God calls the exiles who escaped Babylon's fall to remember Jerusalem and return. The phrase 'let Jerusalem come into your mind' emphasizes intentional remembrance. Though far away, God's people must keep their true home in view. This applies spiritually to Christians as exiles (1 Pet 2:11) who must remember our true citizenship is in heaven (Phil 3:20) and long for the New Jerusalem (Rev 21:2).

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(50) **Ye that have escaped the sword . . .**—The words call on the people to fulfil the prediction of Jeremiah 50:4-5. Even in that distant land, “afar off” from the Temple of Jehovah, they are to remember that they are Israelites, and to think of Jerusalem as their home. In Psalm 137:5-6 we have, as it were, by anticipation, the answer of the exiles. They had not forgotten Jerusalem in the revel...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. closest thyself--**rather, "thou viest," that is, art emulous to surpass thy forefathers in the magnificence of thy palaces. **eat and drink--**Did not Josiah, thy father, enjoy all that man really needs for his bodily wants? Did he need to build costly palaces to secure his throne? Nay, he did secure it by "judgment and justice"; whereas thou, with all thy luxurious building, sittest on a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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We are confounded, because we have heard reproach: shame hath covered our faces: for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of the LORD'S house.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>We are confounded, because we have heard reproach</strong> (בֹּשְׁנוּ כִּי־שָׁמַעְנוּ חֶרְפָּה, <em>boshnu ki-shama'nu cherpah</em>)—Judean exiles speak: 'We are ashamed because we've heard insult.' The <em>cherpah</em> (reproach/taunt) wounds deeply. <strong>Shame hath covered our faces</strong> (כִּסְּתָה כְלִמָּה פָּנֵינוּ, <em>kisstah khlimmah panenu</em>)—public humiliation is viscera...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(51) **We are confounded, because we have heard reproach . . .**—The answer which the prophet seems to hear from the lips of the exiles, is, however, for the present, of a different character. They are cast down and oppressed by the disgrace that has fallen on them and on the Holy City. Aliens in blood and faith have profaned their sanctuaries. Can anything wipe off the stain of that disgrace? The...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. was not this to know me--**namely, to show by deeds that one knows God's will, as was the case with Josiah (compare Joh 13:17; contrast Tit 1:16).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Wherefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will do judgment upon her graven images: and through all her land the wounded shall groan.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wherefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will do judgment upon her graven images</strong> (לָכֵן הִנֵּה־יָמִים בָּאִים וּפָקַדְתִּי עַל־פְּסִילֶיהָ, <em>lakhen hinneh-yamim ba'im ufaqadti al-pesileha</em>)—God's <em>paqad</em> (visitation/judgment) will target Babylon's idols. Since they violated God's sanctuary, He'll destroy theirs. <strong>And through all her land the wo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. thine--**as opposed to thy father, Josiah.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall spoilers come unto her, saith the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Though Babylon should mount up to heaven</strong> (כִּי־תַעֲלֶה בָבֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם, <em>ki-ta'aleh Bavel hashamayim</em>)—Hypothetical: even if Babylon ascended to the sky (echoing Babel's tower, Genesis 11:4), she cannot escape. <strong>And though she should fortify the height of her strength</strong> (וְכִי תְבַצַּר מְרוֹם עֻזָּהּ, <em>v'khi t'vatsar m'rom uzzah</em>)—though she fortifies...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(53) **Though Babylon should mount up to heaven . . .**—The special form of the phrase recalls the language of the builders of the Tower which made the name of Babylon conspicuous (Genesis 11:4). Even though that boastful attempt should be realised, Jeremiah says, it should prove a vain defence. As it was, the walls of Babylon which Nebuchadnezzar had built were of enormous height. Greek writers, ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**18. Ah my brother! ... sister!--**addressing him with such titles of affection as one would address to a deceased friend beloved as a brother or sister (compare 1Ki 13:30). This expresses, They shall not lament him with the lamentation of private individuals [Vatablus], or of blood relatives [Grotius]: as "Ah! lord," expresses public lamentation in the case of a king [Vatablus], or that of subje...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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A sound of a cry cometh from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>A sound of a cry cometh from Babylon</strong> (קוֹל זְעָקָה מִבָּבֶל, <em>qol z'aqah miBavel</em>)—The <em>z'aqah</em> (outcry/shriek) is Babylon's death wail. This cry contrasts with Babylon's earlier arrogant boasts (Isaiah 47:8, 'I am, and none else beside me'). Pride's voice becomes terror's shriek. <strong>And great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans</strong> (וְשֶׁבֶר גָּדוֹל...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. burial of an ass--**that is, he shall have the same burial as an ass would get, namely, he shall be left a prey for beasts and birds [Jerome]. This is not formally narrated. But 2Ch 36:6 states that "Nebuchadnezzar bound him in fetters to carry him to Babylon"; his treatment there is nowhere mentioned. The prophecy here, and in Jr 36:30, harmonizes these two facts. He was slain by Nebuchadne...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Because the LORD hath spoiled Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice; when her waves do roar like great waters, a noise of their voice is uttered:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Because the LORD hath spoiled Babylon</strong> (כִּי־שֹׁדֵד יְהוָה אֶת־בָּבֶל, <em>ki-shoded YHWH et-Bavel</em>)—Active divine agency: God is the Spoiler. Babylon, archetypal plunderer of nations, is herself plundered by Yahweh personally. <strong>And destroyed out of her the great voice</strong> (וְאִבַּד מִמֶּנָּה קוֹל גָּדוֹל, <em>v'ibbed mimmenah qol gadol</em>)—The 'great voice' of Ba...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(55) **Because the Lord hath spoiled Babylon . . .**—In Jeremiah 51:54 the prophet hears the cry of the captured city. The “great voice” which Jehovah “destroys” or “makes to cease” is the stir and tumult of life that surged, as it were, through the city (Isa. 18:12, 13). The “waves” are those of the “sea” of the legions of her conqueror (see Jeremiah 51:42), and they “roar” while the voices that ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

20. Delivered in the reign of Jehoiachin (Jeconiah or Coniah), son of Jehoiakim; appended to the previous prophecy respecting Jehoiakim, on account of the similarity of the two prophecies. He calls on Jerusalem, personified as a mourning female, to go up to the highest points visible from Jerusalem, and lament there (see on Jr 3:21) the calamity of herself, bereft of allies and of her princes, who...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Because the spoiler is come upon her, even upon Babylon, and her mighty men are taken, every one of their bows is broken: for the LORD God of recompences shall surely requite.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Because the spoiler is come upon her, even upon Babylon</strong> (כִּי בָא עָלֶיהָ עַל־בָּבֶל שׁוֹדֵד, <em>ki va aleha al-Bavel shoded</em>)—The Spoiler (Cyrus, but ultimately God) has arrived. <strong>And her mighty men are taken</strong> (וְנִלְכְּדוּ גִבּוֹרֶיהָ, <em>v'nilk'du gibboreha</em>)—Babylon's <em>gibborim</em> (warriors) are captured. <strong>Every one of their bows is broken<...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(56) **The Lord God of recompences . . .**—The prophet clothes the law of retribution which he has been asserting throughout the chapter with a new majesty by connecting it with a new Divine Name (comp. Jeremiah 23:6). Jehovah delights, as it were, to manifest Himself in that aspect. He is *a God of retribution, Jehovah, *and will be true to that title.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

21. I admonished thee in time. Thy sin has not been a sin of ignorance or thoughtlessness, but wilful. **prosperity--**given thee by Me; yet thou wouldest not hearken to the gracious Giver. The Hebrew is plural, to express, "In the height of thy prosperity"; so "droughts" (Is 58:11). **thou saidst--**not in words, but in thy conduct, virtually. **thy youth--**from the time that I brought the...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And I will make drunk her princes, and her wise men, her captains, and her rulers, and her mighty men: and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And I will make drunk her princes, and her wise men, her captains, and her rulers, and her mighty men</strong> (וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּי שָׂרֶיהָ וַחֲכָמֶיהָ פַּחוֹתֶיהָ וּסְגָנֶיהָ וְגִבּוֹרֶיהָ, <em>v'hishkarti sareha vachamameha pachoteha us'ganeha v'gibboreha</em>)—God will intoxicate Babylon's entire leadership: princes, sages, governors, officials, warriors. The verb <em>shakar</em> (make dr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(57) **I will make drunk her princes.**—The imagery is repeated from Jeremiah 51:39, and carries out the thought of Jeremiah 25:15-16; Jeremiah 25:27. On the list of officers see Note on Jeremiah 51:23.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. wind--**the Chaldees, as a parching wind that sweeps over rapidly and withers vegetation (Jr 4:11, 12; Psa 103:16; Is 40:7). **eat up ... pastors--**that is, thy kings (Jr 2:8). There is a happy play on words. The pastors, whose office it is to feed the sheep, shall themselves be fed on. They who should drive the flock from place to place for pasture shall be driven into exile by the Chald...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and the people shall labour in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they shall be weary. The broad: or, The walls of broad Babylon broken: or, made naked

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken</strong> (חֹמוֹת בָּבֶל הָרְחָבָה עָרֹה תִתְעָרְעַר, <em>chomot Bavel har'chavah aroh tit'ar'ar</em>)—Babylon's <em>rechavah</em> (broad/wide) walls will be utterly demolished (<em>aroh tit'ar'ar</em>, intensive doubling). Archaeology confirms Babylon's walls were massive. Yet God decrees total razing. <strong...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(58) **Her high gates shall be burned with fire.—**These were part of the works on which Nebuchadnezzar prided himself as the restorer of the city. The inscription already quoted refers to these as well as to the walls: *“*Babylon is the refuge of the god Merodach. I have finished *Imgur Bel, *his great enclosure. In the threshold of the great gates I have adjusted folding-doors in brass.” (Oppert...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. inhabitant of Lebanon--**namely, Jerusalem, whose temple, palaces, and principal habitations were built of cedars of Lebanon. **how gracious--**irony. How graciously thou wilt be treated by the Chaldees, when they come on thee suddenly, as pangs on a woman in travail (Jr 6:24)! Nay, all thy fine buildings will win no favor for thee from them. Maurer translates, "How shalt thou be to be pit...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Jeremiah's Command to Seraiah

The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And this Seraiah was a quiet prince. with: or, on the behalf of quiet: or, prince of Menucha, or, chief chamberlain

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah</strong> (הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא אֶת־שְׂרָיָה בֶן־נֵרִיָּה, <em>haddavar asher-tsivvah Yirmeyahu hannavi et-Serayah ben-Neriyyah</em>)—Jeremiah commissions Seraiah, brother of Baruch (Jeremiah's scribe, 32:12). This was a prophetic symbolic act. <strong>When he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(59) **Seraiah the son of Neriah.**—The great prophecy has reached its close, and the remainder of the chapter is of the nature of an historical appendix. The mention of both father and grandfather leaves no doubt that Seraiah was the brother of Jeremiah’s friend and secretary, Baruch (Jeremiah 32:13). It was, therefore, natural that the prophet should select him as the depository of the great pre...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. As I live--**God's most solemn formula of oath (Jr 46:18; 4:2; De 32:40; 1Sa 25:34). **Coniah--**Jeconiah or Jehoiachin. The contraction of the name is meant in contempt. **signet--**Such ring seals were often of the greatest value (So 8:6; Hag 2:23). Jehoiachin's popularity is probably here referred to. **right hand--**the hand most valued. **I would pluck thee thence--**(Compare Ob...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon, even all these words that are written against Babylon.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon</strong> (וַיִּכְתֹּב יִרְמְיָהוּ אֶת כָּל־הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר־תָּבוֹא אֶל־בָּבֶל אֶל־סֵפֶר אֶחָד, <em>vayyikhtov Yirmeyahu et-kol-hara'ah asher-tavo el-Bavel el-sefer echad</em>)—Jeremiah compiled Babylon oracles (chapters 50-51) into a single scroll. <strong>Even all these words that are written against Babylon</strong>—em...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(60) **So Jeremiah wrote in a book.**—The “book” is, as elsewhere, a parchment roll. Stress is laid on the fact that the long prophecy was all written on one roll, so that it might be a fitter symbol of the city that was its subject.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. give ... into ... hand--**"I will pluck thee" from "my right hand," and "will give thee into the hand of them that seek thy life."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt read all these words;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt read all these words</strong> (וַיֹּאמֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ אֶל־שְׂרָיָה כְּבֹאֲךָ בָבֶל וְרָאִיתָ וְקָרָאתָ אֵת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה, <em>vayyomer Yirmeyahu el-S'rayah k'vo'akha Vavel v'ra'ita v'qarata et kol-had'varim ha'elleh</em>)—Three imperatives: arrive, see, read. Seraiah must publicly proclaim these ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(61) **When thou comest to Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt read . . .**—The meaning of the Hebrew would be better expressed by, *thou shalt see to it and read, *or *see to it and read. *The English version, as it is, leaves it doubtful who or what is to be seen. The verb for “read” implies reading aloud. Saraiah was to read the prophecy to those whom it concerned, probably to a chosen few among ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. thy mother--**Nehushta, the queen dowager (2Ki 24:6, 8, 15; see Jr 13:18).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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Then shalt thou say, O LORD, thou hast spoken against this place, to cut it off, that none shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be desolate for ever. desolate: Heb. desolations

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then shalt thou say, O LORD, thou hast spoken against this place, to cut it off</strong> (וְאָמַרְתָּ יְהוָה אַתָּה דִבַּרְתָּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה לְהַכְרִיתוֹ, <em>v'amarta YHWH attah dibbarta el-hamaqom hazzeh l'hakrito</em>)—Seraiah must affirm God's sovereign decree. The verb <em>karat</em> (cut off) indicates thorough destruction, covenant-curse language. <strong>That none shall rema...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(62) **Then shalt thou say, O Lord . . .**—The words which recite the predictions of Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 50:39 are of the nature of an implied prayer, reminding Jehovah of that which He had promised, and entreating him to fulfil it. “Thou hast said” was to be the ground of the suppliant’s prayer for the fulfilment.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**27. they--**Coniah and his mother. He passes from the second person (Jr 22:26) to the third person here, to express alienation. The king is as it were put out of sight, as if unworthy of being spoken with directly. **desire--**literally, "lift up their soul" (Jr 44:14; Psa 24:4; 25:1). Judea was the land which they in Babylon should pine after in vain.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this book, that thou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of Euphrates:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this book</strong> (וְהָיָה כְּכַלֹּתְךָ לִקְרֹא אֶת־הַסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה, <em>v'hayah k'khallot'kha liqro et-hasefer hazzeh</em>)—After completing the reading, Seraiah must perform symbolic act. <strong>That thou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of Euphrates</strong> (וְקָשַׁרְתָּ עָלָיו אֶבֶן וְהִשְׁלַכְתּוֹ אֶל־תּוֹךְ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(63) **Thou shalt bind a stone to it.**—The meaning of the symbolic act, which has its parallel in the girdle of Jeremiah 13:1-7, in the potter’s vessel of Jeremiah 19:10, and in the yokes of Jeremiah 27:2, is explained in the following verse. The parchment roll by itself might have floated, and been picked up and read, and so the stone was tied to it that it might sink at once, and thus prefigure...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28. broken idol--**Coniah was idolized once by the Jews; Jeremiah, therefore, in their person, expresses their astonishment at one from whom so much had been expected being now so utterly cast aside. **vessel ... no pleasure--**(Psa 31:12; Ho 8:8). The answer to this is given (Ro 9:20-23; contrast 2Ti 2:21). **his seed--**(See on Jr 22:29).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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And thou shalt say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and they shall be weary. Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And thou shalt say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her</strong> (וְאָמַרְתָּ כָּכָה תִּשְׁקַע בָּבֶל וְלֹא־תָקוּם מִפְּנֵי הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ, <em>v'amarta kakhah tishqa Bavel v'lo-taqum mippnei hara'ah asher anokhi mevi aleha</em>)—The interpretive key: 'Thus shall Babylon sink.' The scroll's sinking illustrates the empi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(64) **They shall be weary.**—The words are identical with those that had closed the great prophecy in Jeremiah 51:58. What was meant was probably that Seraiah was to repeat the last words of the prediction, and, as they passed his lips, was to fling the roll into the river. That submersion was typical of the end of the futile labour and weariness of the men of the doomed city. **Thus far are the ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-30. O earth! earth! earth!--**Jeconiah was not actually without offspring (compare Jr 22:28, "his seed"; 1Ch 3:17, 18; Mt 1:12), but he was to be "written childless," as a warning to posterity, that is, without a lineal heir to his throne. It is with a reference to the three kings, Shallum, Jehoiakim, and Jeconiah, that the earth is thrice invoked [Bengel]. Or, the triple invocation is to giv...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 51 Exhortations to trust the Messiah. (Is. 51:1-3) The power of God, and the weakness of man. (Is. 51:4-8) Christ defends his people. (Is. 51:9-16) Their afflictions and deliverances. (Is. 51:17-23) **Verses 1-3** It is good for those privileged by the new birth, to consider that they were shapen in sin. This should cause low thoughts of ourselves, and high thoughts of Divine grace. ...
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