King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 51:43 Mean?

Jeremiah 51:43 in the King James Version says “Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man p... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 51 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby.

Jeremiah 51:43 · KJV


Context

41

How is Sheshach taken! and how is the praise of the whole earth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!

42

The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.

43

Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby.

44

And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up: and the nations shall not flow together any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall.

45

My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul from the fierce anger of the LORD.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby. This verse intensifies the judgment imagery, contrasting with verse 42's "sea" metaphor. Now Babylon becomes utterly arid—tsiyah (צִיָּה, dry land) and midbar (מִדְבָּר, wilderness/desert), terms denoting uninhabitable wasteland. The Hebrew construction emphasizes totality: no man dwelleth (lo-yeshev ish, לֹא־יֵשֵׁב אִישׁ) and neither doth any son of man pass (lo-ya'avor ben-adam, לֹא־יַעֲבֹר בֶּן־אָדָם)—complete depopulation and abandonment.

This fulfills the principle established at creation: God gives fertility and life; His judgment brings barrenness and death (Genesis 3:17-19). The prophecy reverses Babylon's former glory—the city boasted the Hanging Gardens (one of the ancient world's seven wonders), elaborate irrigation systems, and teeming population. Isaiah 13:19-22 prophesied similar desolation, specifically stating Babylon would become like Sodom and Gomorrah. Archaeological evidence confirms Babylon's gradual abandonment; by medieval times it was uninhabited ruins. This warns that human achievement apart from God ultimately comes to nothing (Psalm 127:1).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Babylon was renowned for agricultural productivity through sophisticated irrigation from the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The city's grandeur included massive walls, the Ishtar Gate, ziggurats, and palaces. Yet after the Medo-Persian conquest (539 BC), Babylon declined. Alexander the Great planned to restore it (323 BC) but died before completing the project. By the Parthian period (141 BC-AD 224), it was largely abandoned. Today, the ruins lie in southern Iraq—a desolate archaeological site exactly as prophesied. The complete fulfillment vindicates God's word through Jeremiah despite 2,500+ years. No major city has been rebuilt there, demonstrating God's sovereign control over nations and history.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Babylon's transformation from world-renowned city to uninhabited wasteland teach about the temporary nature of human glory?
  2. How does this prophecy's literal fulfillment over centuries strengthen confidence in God's other unfulfilled promises?
  3. In what ways do modern cities and civilizations similarly risk divine judgment for pride and opposition to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
הָי֤וּ1 of 17
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עָרֶ֙יהָ֙2 of 17

Her cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

לְשַׁמָּ֔ה3 of 17

are a desolation

H8047

ruin; by implication, consternation

אֶ֗רֶץ4 of 17

a land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

צִיָּ֣ה5 of 17

a dry

H6723

aridity; concretely, a desert

וַעֲרָבָ֑ה6 of 17

and a wilderness

H6160

a desert; especially (with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of the jordan and its continuation to the red sea

אֶ֗רֶץ7 of 17

a land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

לֹֽא8 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֵשֵׁ֤ב9 of 17

dwelleth

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

בָּהֵ֖ן10 of 17

thereby

H2004

they (only used when emphatic)

כָּל11 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אִ֔ישׁ12 of 17

wherein no man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

וְלֹֽא13 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יַעֲבֹ֥ר14 of 17

pass

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

בָּהֵ֖ן15 of 17

thereby

H2004

they (only used when emphatic)

בֶּן16 of 17

neither doth any son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אָדָֽם׃17 of 17

of man

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 51:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 51:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study