King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 51:36 Mean?

Jeremiah 51:36 in the King James Version says “Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, a... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 51 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry.

Jeremiah 51:36 · KJV


Context

34

Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out.

35

The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say. The violence: Heb. My violence flesh: or, remainder inhabitant: Heb. inhabitress

36

Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry.

37

And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.

38

They shall roar together like lions: they shall yell as lions' whelps. yell: or, shake themselves


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry. God responds to Jerusalem's imprecatory prayer (v. 35) with a divine commitment to justice. I will plead thy cause uses rav et rivekh (רָב אֶת־רִיבֵךְ), employing legal terminology—God acts as advocate and judge for His people. This echoes Proverbs 22:23: 'the LORD will plead their cause.' The phrase combines forensic vindication with active intervention.

And take vengeance for thee translates veniqamti et niqmatekh (וְנִקַמְתִּי אֶת־נִקְמָתֵךְ), using the intensive form—divine retribution that answers covenant violations. While personal vengeance is forbidden (Leviticus 19:18), God reserves the right to execute justice (Deuteronomy 32:35, Romans 12:19). I will dry up her sea likely refers to both Babylon's water system (the Euphrates and canal network that sustained the city) and symbolically to her military/economic power. Yam (יָם, sea) can denote large rivers; maqor (מָקוֹר, springs/fountains) suggests water sources sustaining life.

Historically, Cyrus diverted the Euphrates to enter Babylon (fulfilling this literally), but the drying also symbolizes removing the source of Babylon's strength and prosperity. Isaiah 44:27 prophesied similarly: 'That saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers.' This demonstrates God's sovereignty over creation and empires—He who controls waters controls nations.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This prophecy had literal fulfillment in 539 BC when Cyrus the Persian conquered Babylon by diverting the Euphrates River. Herodotus and other ancient historians describe how Persian engineers dug channels to redirect the river, allowing troops to enter through the riverbed. What made Babylon seemingly impregnable—its massive walls and water defenses—became the avenue of conquest. Over subsequent centuries, Babylon's canal system fell into disrepair, the region's fertility declined, and the once-great city was gradually abandoned. By the medieval period, Babylon was uninhabited ruins, exactly as prophesied. The 'drying up' was both immediate (Cyrus's conquest) and gradual (long-term decline). This pattern appears in Revelation 16:12, where the Euphrates is dried up to prepare for eschatological judgment, suggesting Babylon's fall prefigures final judgment on all godless powers.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's promise to 'plead thy cause' comfort those who suffer injustice but cannot obtain human justice?
  2. What does the literal fulfillment of 'drying up her sea' teach about taking biblical prophecy seriously and expecting real historical outcomes?
  3. How does this verse inform our understanding of divine vengeance as distinct from human revenge?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
לָכֵ֗ן1 of 17
H3651

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner

כֹּ֚ה2 of 17
H3541

properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

אָמַ֣ר3 of 17

Therefore thus saith

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יְהוָ֔ה4 of 17

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

הִנְנִי5 of 17
H2005

lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if

רָב֙6 of 17

Behold I will plead

H7378

properly, to toss, i.e., grapple; mostly figuratively, to wrangle, i.e., hold a controversy; (by implication) to defend

אֶת7 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

רִיבֵ֔ךְ8 of 17

thy cause

H7379

a contest (personal or legal)

וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖י9 of 17

and take vengeance

H5358

to grudge, i.e., avenge or punish

אֶת10 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נִקְמָתֵ֑ךְ11 of 17

for thee

H5360

avengement, whether the act of the passion

וְהַחֲרַבְתִּי֙12 of 17

and I will dry up

H2717

to parch (through drought) i.e., (by analogy,) to desolate, destroy, kill

אֶת13 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יַמָּ֔הּ14 of 17

her sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

וְהֹבַשְׁתִּ֖י15 of 17

dry

H3001

to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)

אֶת16 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מְקוֹרָֽהּ׃17 of 17

and make her springs

H4726

properly, something dug, i.e., a (general) source (of water, even when naturally flowing; also of tears, blood (by euphemism, of the female pudenda);


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 51:36 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 51:36 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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