King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 51:31 Mean?

Jeremiah 51:31 in the King James Version says “One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is take... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 51 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end,

Jeremiah 51:31 · KJV


Context

29

And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of the LORD shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant.

30

The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken.

31

One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end,

32

And that the passages are stopped, and the reeds they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.

33

For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon is like a threshingfloor, it is time to thresh her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come. it is: or, in the time that he thresheth her


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end—This verse captures the chaos and confusion of Babylon's fall with cinematic vividness. The word "post" (rats, רָץ) means runner or courier—ancient equivalent of emergency messengers. The image of messengers running toward each other from different parts of the city, each bearing news of the same disaster, emphasizes Babylon's enormous size and the conquest's speed.

"His city is taken at one end" (nikhedah iro mikkatseh, נִלְכְּדָה עִירוֹ מִקָּצֶה) is prophetically precise. Babylon was so large (ancient sources describe walls 14 miles in circumference) that one section could fall while other sections remained unaware. The use of lakad (לָכַד, "taken/captured") in the passive voice emphasizes the fait accompli—by the time messengers reach the king, conquest is already complete, rendering resistance futile.

This verse demonstrates prophetic omniscience. Jeremiah, writing decades before 539 BCE, couldn't naturally know Babylon would fall through such confusion. The detail validates divine inspiration—God knows the end from the beginning (Isaiah 46:10). It also shows divine irony: Babylon, which perfected courier systems for imperial communication, would learn of its own fall through frantic messengers bearing catastrophic news.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Daniel 5 provides inspired commentary on this verse's fulfillment. During Belshazzar's feast, Babylon fell to Persian forces who entered through the Euphrates riverbed after diverting the river. Herodotus and Xenophon describe how the city's size meant outlying districts fell while the center continued feasting. When messengers finally reached Belshazzar with news, he was killed that night (Daniel 5:30).

The Nabonidus Chronicle states: "The army of Cyrus entered Babylon without battle." The Cyrus Cylinder describes entering Babylon peacefully. The combination of sources confirms the prophecy: conquest occurred with such speed and minimal resistance that messengers running from different city sections met each other bearing the same shocking news. Archaeological evidence of Babylon's massive size (excavations reveal the city's enormous scale) confirms how one end could be taken while the king at the center remained unaware until runners arrived.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the image of confused messengers illustrate the helplessness of human power before divine judgment?
  2. What does Babylon's fall during a feast (Daniel 5) teach about false security and complacency?
  3. How should believers maintain spiritual vigilance knowing judgment can arrive suddenly when least expected?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
יָר֔וּץ1 of 14

One post

H7323

to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)

לִקְרַ֣את2 of 14

to meet

H7125

an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)

יָר֔וּץ3 of 14

One post

H7323

to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)

יָר֔וּץ4 of 14

One post

H7323

to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)

לְהַגִּיד֙5 of 14

and one messenger

H5046

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to

לִקְרַ֣את6 of 14

to meet

H7125

an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)

לְהַגִּיד֙7 of 14

and one messenger

H5046

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to

לְהַגִּיד֙8 of 14

and one messenger

H5046

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to

לְמֶ֣לֶךְ9 of 14

the king

H4428

a king

בָּבֶ֔ל10 of 14

of Babylon

H894

babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire

כִּֽי11 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

נִלְכְּדָ֥ה12 of 14

is taken

H3920

to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere

עִיר֖וֹ13 of 14

that his city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

מִקָּצֶֽה׃14 of 14

at one end

H7097

an extremity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 51:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 51:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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