About Hebrews

Hebrews demonstrates Christ's superiority over all Old Testament institutions, calling readers to persevere.

Author: UnknownWritten: c. AD 64-68Reading time: ~4 minVerses: 28
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King James Version

Hebrews 7

28 verses with commentary

The Priesthood of Melchizedek

For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;

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KJV Study Commentary

Melchizedek's introduction rehearses Genesis 14:18-20—he was both 'King of Salem' (king of peace) and 'priest of the most high God.' He met and blessed Abraham after the patriarch rescued Lot. The dual role of king and priest in one person was unique and foreshadowed Christ's combined offices. His blessing the greater (Abraham) and receiving tithes established his superiority.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

VII. JESUS THE HIGH PRIEST AFTER THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK. (1) **For this Melchisedec**.—The sentence is completed in the last words of Hebrews 7:3, . . . “abideth a priest continually;” the connection with the last chapter, therefore, is very clear. Of Melchizedek we know nothing beyond what we learn from the brief narrative of Genesis 14. A Jewish legend, preserved in the later Targums on the Pe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. Flee--**There are many lusts from which our greatest safety is in flight (Ge 39:12). Avoid occasions of sin. From the abstemious character of Timothy (1Ti 5:23) it is likely that not animal indulgences, but the impetuosity, rash self-confidence, hastiness, strife, and vainglory of young men (1Jo 2:14-16), are what he is here warned against: though the Spirit probably intended the warning to ...
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To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;

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KJV Study Commentary

Abraham gave Melchizedek 'tithes of all,' acknowledging his superiority. His name means 'King of righteousness' and his title 'King of Salem' means 'King of peace.' This typology is significant—Christ is first our righteousness (justification must precede peace) then our peace (reconciliation with God). The order matters: peace with God comes through the righteousness of Christ.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Gave a tenth part**.—Literally, *divided a tenth.* This point is fully treated of in Hebrews 7:4-9. **King of righteousness.**—Josephus notes the significance of this name: “The first founder of Jerusalem was a chief of the Canaanites, who in our tongue is called Righteous King; for indeed such he was.” Philo also interprets King of Salem as “King of Peace.” The special interest of these tit...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

23. (Tit 3:9.) **unlearned--**Greek, "undisciplined"; not tending to promote the discipline of faith and morals (Pr 5:23). "Uninstructive"; in contrast with "instructing" (2Ti 2:25), and "wise unto salvation" (2Ti 3:15). **avoid--**"decline."

Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually . without descent: Gr. without pedigree

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KJV Study Commentary

Melchizedek was 'without father, without mother, without descent' not literally but in the Genesis record—no genealogy is given. 'Having neither beginning of days nor end of life' refers to the silence of Scripture about his birth or death. He appears and disappears from the biblical narrative mysteriously. 'Made like unto the Son of God' means his biblical presentation (not his actual nature) typ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Without father, without mother, without descent.**—The last words, “without descent” (or rather, *without genealogy*)*, *throw light on the meaning of those which precede. Not because we find no mention of the parents of Melchizedek is he thus spoken of as fatherless and motherless, but because he is suddenly introduced as priest, without any token whatever that he held the office by right o...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. not strive--**"The servant of the Lord" must imitate his master in not striving contentiously, though uncompromising in earnestly contending for the faith (Jude 3; Mt 12:19). **gentle unto all men--**"patient" (Greek, "patient in bearing wrongs") in respect to adversaries. He is to be gentle so that he may occasion no evils; patient so that he may endure evils. **apt to teach--**implying...
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Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.

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KJV Study Commentary

The author urges 'consider how great this man was' - Melchizedek's greatness is shown by Abraham giving him tithes 'from the spoils.' Since Abraham (the patriarch) tithed to Melchizedek, Melchizedek must be greater than Abraham. This establishes Melchizedek's superiority, which transfers to Christ whose priesthood is 'after the order of Melchizedek.' Reformed theology sees this typology demonstrat...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **How great this** **man was.**—Better, *is:* the greatness abides, set forth in the words of Scripture. In the rest of the verse (where the best MSS. omit the word “even”) it is well to follow the literal rendering, *unto whom Abraham gave a tenth out of the chief spoils*—(*Abraham*)* the patriarch. “*He gave him tithes of all” (Genesis 14:20), but the tenth was selected from the choicest par...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. instructing--**Greek, "disciplining," instructing with correction, which those who deal in "uninstructive" or "undisciplined questions" need (see on 2Ti 2:23; 1Ti 1:20). **those that oppose themselves--**Greek, "oppositely affected"; those of a different opinion. **if ... peradventure--**Greek, "if at any time." **repentance--**which they need as antecedent to the full knowledge (so th...
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And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:

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KJV Study Commentary

Levitical priests received tithes 'from the people according to the law,' though they too descended from Abraham. This was a legal obligation based on the Mosaic covenant. The point is that receiving tithes indicates priestly authority over those who pay. The Levitical system had authority, but it was derived and temporary. Christ's Melchizedekian priesthood is superior and eternal.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **They that are of the sons.**—Rather, *those of the sons of Levi that receive, *&c. There is an apparent difficulty here. The priests, it is urged, did not receive tithes from the people; the tithe was paid to the Levites, and but the tenth part of this tithe fell to the lot of the priests. Two considerations seem entirely to remove this difficulty. (1) The question is not one of emolument, b...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. recover themselves--**Greek, "awake to soberness," namely from the spiritual intoxication whereby they have fallen into the snare of the devil. **the snare--**(Ep 6:11, "the wiles of the devil": 1Ti 3:7; 6:9). **taken captive by him at his will--**so as to follow the will of "THAT" (the Greek emphatically marks Satan thus) foe. However, different Greek pronouns stand for "him" and "his";...
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But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises. descent: or, pedigree

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KJV Study Commentary

Melchizedek, 'whose genealogy is not derived from them' (not a Levite), received tithes from Abraham and 'blessed him who had the promises.' Blessing implies superiority - the lesser is blessed by the greater (7:7). Abraham, who held God's covenant promises, was blessed by Melchizedek. This demonstrates Melchizedek's (and typologically Christ's) supreme priestly authority, independent of Levitical...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Whose descent.**—Better, *whose genealogy* (Hebrews 7:3). **Received tithes.**—Rather, *hath taken tithes of Abraham, and hath blessed him that hath the promises.* In Melchizedek we see a man who, though no law gave him pre-eminence, takes tithes of Abraham, and therefore appears in Scripture as holding a position of inherent and acknowledged superiority. This superiority is not dwelt upon, ...
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And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better.

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KJV Study Commentary

The principle is stated explicitly: 'without dispute the lesser is blessed by the greater.' This axiom, accepted in ancient cultures, establishes the argument. Since Melchizedek blessed Abraham, Melchizedek is greater. Since Christ's priesthood is Melchizedekian (Psalm 110:4), it surpasses the Abrahamic covenant and its Levitical outworking. Reformed theology sees this as progressive revelation - ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **And without all contradiction.**—Better, *but without any dispute.* Two parts of the argument are specified in this verse and Hebrews 7:6. Melchizedek has blessed Abraham; but certainly (in every such act of blessing as is here contemplated) it is the less that is blessed by the greater. The conclusion, that Melchizedek in this act appears as Abraham’s superior, it did not seem necessary to ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 3 2Ti 3:1-17. Coming Evil Days: Signs of Evil Already: Contrast in the Doctrine and Life of Paul, Which Timothy Should Follow in Accordance with His Early Training in Scripture. **1. also--**Greek, "but." **last days--**preceding Christ's second coming (2Pe 3:3; Jude 18). "The latter times," 1Ti 4:1, refer to a period not so remote as "the last days," namely, the long days of papal a...
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And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth.

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KJV Study Commentary

Here (Levitical system) 'mortal men receive tithes,' but there (Melchizedek) one 'of whom it is witnessed that he lives.' The contrast is mortality vs. life. Levitical priests die and are replaced; Melchizedek, in the Genesis account, appears without record of death, typifying Christ who 'lives forever' (7:16, 24). Christ's unending priesthood provides permanent intercession and access to God.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) “Here,” under the Levitical economy, dying men receive the various tithes. Men enter by birth into a state with which this right is associated, and by death again pass out of it. No special significance, therefore, attaches to the men themselves. “There,” in the history now considered, one (receives tithes) of whom the Scripture simply witnesses that he lives. The narrative of Genesis gives no...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. men--**in the professing Church. Compare the catalogue, Ro 1:29, &c., where much the same sins are attributed to heathen men; it shall be a relapse into virtual heathendom, with all its beast-like propensities, whence the symbol of it is "a beast" (Re 13:1, 11, 12, &c.; 17:3, 8, 11). **covetous--**Translate, "money-loving," a distinct Greek word from that for "covetous" (see on Col ...
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And as I may so say , Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.

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KJV Study Commentary

A remarkable claim: 'through Abraham even Levi paid tithes,' though Levi wasn't yet born. The logic is representative - Levi was 'in the loins of his father' Abraham, so Abraham's actions counted as Levi's. This establishes that the entire Levitical priesthood acknowledged Melchizedek's (and thus Christ's) superiority by paying tithes through their ancestor. Reformed federal theology sees similar ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **And as I may so say.**—Or, *so to speak*: an apologetic mode of introducing an expression which might seem strange. In the thought itself there is no real difficulty, if we are careful to take into account the principle which prevailed throughout, that pre-eminence depended upon descent alone. Had Judah possessed an inherent superiority over his brother Levi, the descendants of Judah (in suc...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. truce-breakers--**rather as the Greek is translated in Ro 1:31, "implacable." **false accusers--**slanderers (1Ti 3:11; Tit 2:3). **incontinent, fierce--**at once both soft and hard: incontinently indulging themselves, and inhuman to others. **despisers, &c.--**"no lovers of good" [Alford]; the opposite of "a lover of good" (Tit 1:8).

For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him.

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KJV Study Commentary

Levi was 'still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him.' This emphasizes the representative principle and establishes temporal priority - Melchizedek's priesthood predates the Levitical priesthood by centuries. What existed before the law and outside its system can also exist after it. Christ's priesthood isn't a novelty but a return to the superior, pre-Levitical order instituted by ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. heady--**precipitate in action and in passion. **high-minded--**literally, "puffed up" with pride, as with smoke blinding them. **lovers of pleasure ... God--**Love of pleasure destroys the love and sense of God.

Jesus the Perfect High Priest

If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?

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KJV Study Commentary

A devastating question: 'If perfection were through the Levitical priesthood...what further need was there for another priest to arise?' The word 'perfection' (Greek 'teleiōsis') means completion/maturity, particularly in relationship with God. The Levitical priesthood couldn't perfect because it couldn't finally deal with sin (10:1-4). The emergence of another priesthood (Psalm 110:4) proves the ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) The connection of thought may be given thus:—It has been shown that the position of Melchizedek towards Abraham involves of necessity his superiority to Abraham, to Levi also and his descendants, so that “the order of Melchizedek” is altogether different from, and higher than, “the order of Aaron.” This being so, how could this other priesthood take the place of the Levitical if this latter h...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. form--**outward semblance. **godliness--**piety. **denying--**rather as Greek, "having denied," that is, renounced. **the power--**the living, regenerating, sanctifying influence of it. **turn away--**implying that some of such characters, forerunners of the last days, were already in the Church.

For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law.

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KJV Study Commentary

The priesthood change necessitates a law change - they're inseparable. The Mosaic law established the Levitical priesthood; changing priesthoods requires changing the entire legal framework. Reformed covenant theology sees this as the transition from old to new covenant. The law has been fulfilled in Christ (Matthew 5:17), and believers relate to God through the new covenant in Christ's blood, not...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) This verse connects itself with the parenthesis in Hebrews 7:11. “For if the priesthood is changed there takes place also of necessity a change of law.” It is no light matter to speak of the order of Aaron as set aside: this carries with it a change of law.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. of this sort--**Greek, "of these," such as were described (2Ti 3:5). **creep into--**stealthily. **laden with sins--**(Is 1:4); applying to the "silly women" whose consciences are burdened with sins, and so are a ready prey to the false teachers who promise ease of conscience if they will follow them. A bad conscience leads easily to shipwreck of faith (1Ti 1:19). **divers lusts--**not ...
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For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar.

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KJV Study Commentary

The one (Jesus) of whom these things are said 'belongs to another tribe' (Judah), 'from which no one has officiated at the altar.' This was a legal impossibility under the old covenant - Judah was the royal tribe, Levi the priestly. Christ's priesthood transcends and combines both offices (king-priest), fulfilling Melchizedek's dual role. Reformed theology sees Christ as Prophet, Priest, and King,...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) In Hebrews 7:11 the “other priest” is spoken of as not connected with Aaron; Hebrews 7:12 is interposed to show the serious significance of such a fact; here the assertion of Hebrews 7:11 is substantiated—not, however, from the words of the Psalm, but from their fulfilment in Jesus. **Pertaineth.**—Literally, *hath partaken of*: the same word is used in Hebrews 2:14, “He also . . . . took par...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. Ever learning--**some new point, for mere curiosity, to the disparagement of what they seemed to know before. **the knowledge--**Greek, "the perfect knowledge"; the only safeguard against further novelties. Gnosticism laid hold especially of the female sex [Estius, 1.13.3]: so Roman Jesuitism.

For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.

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KJV Study Commentary

Jesus's descent from Judah is 'evident' (Greek 'prodēlon' - clear, manifest), and 'Moses spoke nothing concerning priesthood' in relation to that tribe. This factual observation proves Christ's priesthood doesn't derive from Mosaic law but from divine oath (7:20-21). His genealogy would disqualify Him under the old system, proving a new system is in place. God's sovereign choice trumps human regul...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Evident.**—That is to say, manifest before the eyes of all. **Sprang.**—Better, *hath arisen out of Judah.* In every other place in the New Testament this word is applied to the rising of the sun, the light, the day-star (2Peter 1:19), or the clouds (Luke 12:54); and in the prophecies of Numbers 24:17 and Malachi 4:2 the same word is used. On the other hand, the word also denotes the spring...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. Now--**Greek, "But"; it is no wonder there should be now such opponents to the truth, for their prototypes existed in ancient times [Alford]. **Jannes ... Jambres--**traditional names of the Egyptian magicians who resisted Moses (Ex 7:11, 22), derived from "the unwritten teaching of the Jews" [Theodoret]. In a point so immaterial as the names, where Scripture had not recorded them, Paul tak...
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And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest,

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KJV Study Commentary

It becomes 'even more evident' when considering that Christ arose 'in the likeness of Melchizedek.' The Greek 'perissoteron' (more abundantly) emphasizes the clarity of the argument. Christ's priesthood is patterned after Melchizedek's, not Aaron's. The word 'likeness' (Greek 'homoiotēta') shows typological correspondence - Melchizedek foreshadowed Christ, who is the reality.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15, 16) **And it is**.—That which is “yet far more evident” is the proposition of the preceding verses, viz., the failure of the Levitical priesthood to bring “perfection” (Hebrews 7:11), a failure placed beyond doubt by the change of priesthood (Hebrews 7:13-14). “And what we are speaking of is yet more abundantly evident if after the likeness of Melchizedek there ariseth a different priest, who...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. they shall proceed no further--**Though for a time (2Ti 2:16) "they shall advance or proceed (English Version, 'increase') unto more ungodliness," yet there is a final limit beyond which they shall not be able to "proceed further" (Job 38:11; Re 11:7, 11). They themselves shall "wax worse and worse" (2Ti 3:13), but they shall at last be for ever prevented from seducing others. "Often malice p...
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Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life.

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KJV Study Commentary

Christ became priest 'not after the law of a carnal commandment' (the Levitical requirement of tribal descent) but 'after the power of an endless life' (Greek 'zoes akatalytou'—indestructible life). His priesthood rests not on physical qualifications but on resurrection power. The Aaronic priesthood was 'carnal' (Greek 'sarkikos'—fleshly) in being based on physical descent; Christ's is spiritual a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **A carnal commandment.**—Literally (according to the true reading of the Greek), *a commandment of flesh:* one that is limited to the sphere of man’s nature of flesh. As such, it is bound up with distinctions of race and tribe and family; it is limited by human infirmity and the changes wrought by sickness and death; what it accomplishes is the purifying of the flesh; in its own nature it is...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. fully known--**literally, "fully followed up" and traced; namely, with a view to following me as thy pattern, so far as I follow Christ; the same Greek as in Lu 1:3, "having had perfect understanding of all things." His pious mother Eunice and grandmother Lois would recommend him to study fully Paul's Christian course as a pattern. He had not been yet the companion of Paul at the time of the...
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For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

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KJV Study Commentary

The testimony of Psalm 110:4 is repeated for the fourth time: 'Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.' The repeated citation emphasizes its crucial importance. The 'for ever' (Greek 'eis ton aiona') is the key point—permanence versus the temporary nature of the Levitical priesthood.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **For he testifieth.**—A slight change of reading makes the sense clearer: “For witness is borne to him”—as to this “power” of indissoluble life—in the words of the prophecy itself.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. afflictions--**"sufferings." **which--**Greek, "such as." **in Antioch--**of Pisidia (Ac 13:14, 50, 51). **Iconium--**(Ac 14:1-5). **Lystra--**(Ac 14:6, 19). **what--**How grievous. **out of ... all ... Lord delivered me--**(2Ti 4:17; Psa 34:17; 2Co 1:10). An encouragement to Timothy not to fear persecutions.

For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

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KJV Study Commentary

The former commandment (Levitical law) is 'annulled' (Greek 'athetēsis' - set aside, disannulled) because of 'weakness and unprofitableness.' This is radical - God's law is weak and useless? Not in its purpose (revealing sin, pointing to Christ) but in its power to save. Law commands but can't empower; it diagnoses but can't cure. Reformed theology emphasizes law's good purpose while denying salvi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18, 19) The intimate connection between these two verses is obscured by the ordinary translation. They point out with greater fulness and clearness what is involved in the statement of Hebrews 7:16. “For there is an annulling of a preceding commandment, because of its weakness and unprofitableness (for the Law made nothing perfect), and a bringing in thereupon of a better hope, by which we draw n...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. Yea, and--**an additional consideration for Timothy: if he wishes to live godly in Christ, he must make up his mind to encounter persecution. **that will, &c.--**Greek, "all whose will is to live," &c. So far should persecution be from being a stumbling-block to Timothy, he should consider it a mark of the pious. So the same Greek is used of the same thing, Lu 14:28, 33, "intending...
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For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God. the bringing: or, it was the bringing in

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KJV Study Commentary

The law 'made nothing perfect' (Greek 'eteleiōsen ouden') - it couldn't complete salvation or perfect consciences (9:9). But there is 'a bringing in of a better hope' through which 'we draw near to God.' The contrast is stark: law achieved nothing vs. hope provides access. This 'better hope' is Christ Himself (1 Timothy 1:1), whose priesthood grants what law couldn't - direct access to God. Reform...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. Reason why persecutions must be expected, and these becoming worse and worse as the end approaches. The breach between light and darkness, so far from being healed, shall be widened [Alford]. **evil men--**in contrast to the "godly" (2Ti 3:12). **seducers--**literally, "conjurers." Magical arts prevailed at Ephesus (Ac 19:19), and had been renounced by many Ephesians on embracing Christian...
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And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest:

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KJV Study Commentary

Christ's priesthood was confirmed 'by an oath' - a crucial difference from Levitical priests who were appointed 'without an oath.' Divine oath-taking indicates immutability and supreme importance. God's oath establishes Christ's priesthood as unchangeable, unlike the Levitical which could be (and was) superseded. Reformed theology sees covenant oaths as demonstrating God's commitment to His redemp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) This and the next two verses constitute one sentence, the third verse answering to the first, and Hebrews 7:21 being parenthetical. Hitherto no reference has been made to the remarkable opening of Psalm 110:4, so often quoted: these three verses are occupied with the thought of the oath—or rather (for a very uncommon word is used, one that answers well to the importance of the thought) the “s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. But ... thou--**Whatever they may do. Resuming the thread begun at 2Ti 3:10. **learned--**from me and thy mother and grandmother (2Ti 1:5; 2:2). **assured of--**from Scripture (2Ti 3:15). **of whom--**plural, not singular, in the oldest manuscripts, "from what teachers." Not only from me, but from Lois and Eunice.

(For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:) without: or, without swearing of an oath

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KJV Study Commentary

Quoting Psalm 110:4 directly: 'The LORD has sworn and will not repent: You are a priest forever.' The phrase 'will not repent' (Greek 'ou metamelēthēsetai') means God won't change His mind or regret His decision. This establishes Christ's priesthood as absolutely permanent. The eternal duration ('forever') means Christ's priestly benefits continue uninterrupted. Reformed theology sees this as guar...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **For those priests.**—Rather, *For they indeed have been made priests without an oath.* **By him that said unto him.**—Better, *by* (or, *through*)* Him that saith of Him.* The last five words of the verse are absent from the best authorities: they were not needed for this part of the argument, and are therefore omitted from the quotation. All that has been said in chap. 6 (Hebrews 6:13-18) ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. from a child--**literally, "from an infant." The tender age of the first dawn of reason is that wherein the most lasting impressions of faith may be made. **holy scriptures--**The Old Testament taught by his Jewish mother. An undesigned coincidence with 2Ti 1:5; Ac 16:1-3. **able--**in themselves: though through men's own fault they often do not in fact make men savingly alive. **wise ...
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By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.

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KJV Study Commentary

'By so much' refers to the superiority just demonstrated. Christ becomes 'surety' (Greek 'eggyos'—guarantor, pledge) of a 'better testament' (covenant). A surety guarantees covenant obligations will be met. Christ guarantees the new covenant's promises through His own life and work. This makes the new covenant far superior to the old.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **By so much was Jesus made.**—Better, *by so much also hath Jesus become surety of a better covenant.* The form of the sentence recalls Hebrews 1:4. As the priest whose appointment is confirmed by the oath of God is raised above all former priests, in the same proportion is the covenant of which Jesus is surety higher, better, than the former covenant. For the “better hope” of Hebrews 7:19 w...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. All scripture--**Greek, "Every Scripture," that is, Scripture in its every part. However, English Version is sustained, though the Greek article be wanting, by the technical use of the term "Scripture" being so well known as not to need the article (compare Greek, Ep 3:15; 2:21). The Greek is never used of writings in general, but only of the sacred Scriptures. The position of the two Greek ...
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And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death:

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KJV Study Commentary

The Levitical priesthood required 'many priests' because 'they were not suffered to continue by reason of death.' Physical death constantly necessitated new priests. This limitation revealed the temporary, inadequate nature of the old covenant priesthood. The succession of priests pointed to the need for an eternal priest.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **Were many priests.**—Rather, *have been made priests many* (*i.e., *in large numbers), *because by death they were prevented from continuing.* (Comp. Hebrews 7:8, where the thought is somewhat similar.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. man of God--**(See on 1Ti 6:11). **perfect, throughly furnished--**Greek, "thoroughly perfected," and so "perfect." The man of God is perfectly accoutred out of Scripture for his work, whether he be a minister (compare 2Ti 4:2 with 2Ti 3:16) or a spiritual layman. No oral tradition is needed to be added.

But this man, because he continueth ever , hath an unchangeable priesthood. an: or, which passeth not from one to another

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KJV Study Commentary

'This man' (Christ) 'because he continueth ever' (Greek 'dia to menein auton eis ton aiona'—because He remains forever) has an 'unchangeable priesthood' (Greek 'aparabaton'—permanent, non-transferable). No successor is needed or possible. Christ's priesthood will never pass to another because He lives forever in resurrection power.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **But this man.**—Better, *But He, because He remaineth for ever, hath His priesthood inviolable* (or, *unchangeable*)*.* The former ordinance related to a race, and the individuals were ever passing away; since His life is “indissoluble” (Hebrews 7:16), none can trespass on His right and invade His priesthood. The rendering of the margin, “that passeth not from one to another,” expresses nea...
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Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. to the: or, evermore

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.</strong> This verse proclaims Christ's comprehensive, eternal, and effectual salvation through His perpetual high priestly ministry. The phrase "able to save" (<em>sōzein dynamenos</em>, σῴζειν δυνάμενος) emphasizes Christ's power and competence—salvation ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Wherefore.**—Since His priesthood is inviolable, His power of saving is *complete.* The association of the thought of “salvation” with the priesthood recalls Hebrews 5:9-10; as indeed several points in the later verses of this chapter show that the writer’s thought is resting on the first section of Hebrews 5. In His supplication unto God, “who was able to save Him out of death,” He was hea...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 4 2Ti 4:1-22. Solemn Charge to Timothy to Do His Duty Zealously, for Times of Apostasy Are at Hand, and the Apostle Is near His Triumphant End: Requests Him to Come and Bring Mark with Him to Rome, as Luke Alone Is with Him, the Others Having Gone: Also His Cloak and Parchments: Warns Him against Alexander: Tells What Befell Him at His First Defense: Greetings: Benediction. **1. charge...
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For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens.</strong> This verse catalogs Christ's perfect qualifications as High Priest, demonstrating why He alone can save completely (v. 25). "Such a high priest became us" (<em>eprepen gar hēmin archiereus</em>, ἐπρεπεν γὰρ ἡμῖν ἀρχιερεύς) means this priest was fitting, app...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **For such an high priest.**—Better, *For such a one also became us as *(*our*)* High Priest.* Such a priest as has been portrayed was the High Priest that befitted us—no one less exalted could have met our necessities. The added words carry the description farther still. The thought of high priest immediately brings to mind the annual Day of Atonement, to which belonged the characteristic mi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. Preach--**literally, "proclaim as a herald." The term for the discourses in the synagogue was daraschoth; the corresponding Greek term (implying dialectial style, dialogue, and discussion, Ac 17:2, 18; 18:4, 19) is applied in Acts to discourses in the Christian Church. Justin Martyr [Apology, 2], describes the order of public worship, "On Sunday all meet and the writings of the apostles and p...
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Who needeth not daily , as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.

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KJV Study Commentary

Unlike high priests who must daily offer sacrifices 'first for His own sins and then for the people's,' Jesus did this 'once for all when He offered up Himself.' The Greek 'ephapax' (once for all) emphasizes the unrepeatable finality of Christ's sacrifice. His sinlessness eliminated need for self-atonement; His perfect sacrifice eliminated need for repetition. Reformed theology emphasizes Christ's...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) This verse carries on the description, presenting what follows from this purity and sinlessness. **As those high priests.**—The high priest’s offering up sacrifices first for himself and then for the people constituted a chief part of his duty upon the Day of Atonement. (See Hebrews 5:3.) The *annual* recurrence of that day is distinctly referred to more than once in this Epistle (see Hebrews...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. they--**professing Christians. **sound doctrine--**Greek, "the sound (see on 1Ti 1:10) doctrine (didascalias)" or "teaching," namely, of the Gospel. Presently follows the concrete, "teachers." **after their own lusts--**Instead of regarding the will of God they dislike being interrupted in their lusts by true teachers. **heap--**one on another: an indiscriminate mass of false teachers. ...
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For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore. consecrated: Gr. perfected

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KJV Study Commentary

Final contrast: law appoints 'men as high priests who have weakness,' but God's oath appointed 'the Son who has been perfected forever.' Human weakness vs. divine perfection; temporary appointment vs. eternal confirmation. Christ's 'perfection' (Greek 'teteleioōmenon') doesn't mean moral development but complete qualification for His priestly office. Reformed Christology affirms Christ's sinlessne...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity . . .**—Better, *For the Law appointeth men high priests, *(*men*)* having infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was after the Law, appointeth a Son, who hath been perfected for ever.* On “the word of the oath” see Hebrews 7:20-21. Coming “after the Law,” it revoked the commandment (Hebrews 7:18), and was not revoked by it. (“A S...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

4. The ear brooks not what is opposed to the man's lusts. **turned--**Greek, "turned aside" (1Ti 1:6). It is a righteous retribution, that when men turn away from the truth, they should be turned to fables (Jr 2:19). **fables--**(1Ti 1:4).

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