King James Version

What Does Romans 2:27 Mean?

Romans 2:27 in the King James Version says “And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision do... — study this verse from Romans chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?

Romans 2:27 · KJV


Context

25

For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision.

26

Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?

27

And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?

28

For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly ; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

29

But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly ; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge theeκαὶ κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία τὸν νόμον τελοῦσα σέ (kai krinei hē ek physeōs akrobystia ton nomon telousa se). Ἐκ φύσεως (ek physeōs, "by nature") describes Gentiles naturally born uncircumcised, contrasting with Jews circumcised on eighth day. Τελέω (teleō, "fulfill/complete/accomplish") means bringing law to its intended goal. Κρίνω (krinō, "judge/condemn") here means the obedient Gentile's life condemns the disobedient Jew by comparison.

Who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου (ton dia grammatos kai peritomēs parabatēn nomou). Γράμμα (gramma, "letter") refers to written Torah (2 Corinthians 3:6 contrasts letter that kills with Spirit that gives life). The Jew possesses both letter (Scripture) and circumcision (covenant sign) yet remains parabatēs (transgressor). The Gentile with neither fulfills law's intent; the Jew with both violates it.

This reversal is stunning: the judge becomes judged, the insider becomes outsider, the privileged becomes condemned. Jesus made identical argument in Matthew 12:41-42—Ninevites and Queen of Sheba will condemn Jesus's generation because they repented/sought wisdom while Israel rejected greater revelation. Obedient response matters more than privileged position. This anticipates 9:30-33: Gentiles attained righteousness by faith while Israel pursuing law-righteousness failed.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish confidence rested on possessing 'the letter' (Torah scrolls, systematic teaching) and circumcision. These were irrevocable advantages distinguishing them from Gentiles. Paul here argues these advantages become liabilities when violated—worse to possess truth and disobey than lack revelation. This echoes prophetic tradition: Amos 3:2 ("You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities"), Jeremiah 7:4-11 (temple presence doesn't protect), Malachi 2:1-9 (priests who dishonor God).

Reflection Questions

  1. How might my life be 'judged' by believers with less spiritual privilege—new Christians, those from difficult backgrounds—whose simple obedience exposes my hypocrisy?
  2. Do I presume on 'the letter' (biblical knowledge) and Christian 'circumcision' (baptism, membership) while transgressing God's will?
  3. What would it mean for me to 'fulfill the law'—not earn salvation by works, but demonstrate faith's genuineness through transformed living?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
καὶ1 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

κρινεῖ2 of 17

judge

G2919

by implication, to try, condemn, punish

3 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐκ4 of 17

which is by

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

φύσεως5 of 17

nature

G5449

growth (by germination or expansion), i.e., (by implication) natural production (lineal descent); by extension, a genus or sort; figuratively, native

ἀκροβυστία6 of 17

uncircumcision

G203

the prepuce; by implication, an uncircumcised (i.e., gentile, figuratively, unregenerate) state or person

τὸν7 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νόμου8 of 17

the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

τελοῦσα9 of 17

if it fulfil

G5055

to end, i.e., complete, execute, conclude, discharge (a debt)

σὲ10 of 17

thee

G4571

thee

τὸν11 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

διὰ12 of 17

who by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

γράμματος13 of 17

the letter

G1121

a writing, i.e., a letter, note, epistle, book, etc.; plural learning

καὶ14 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

περιτομῆς15 of 17

circumcision

G4061

circumcision (the rite, the condition or the people, literally or figuratively)

παραβάτην16 of 17

dost transgress

G3848

a violator

νόμου17 of 17

the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 2:27 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 2:27 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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