King James Version

What Does Romans 16:5 Mean?

Romans 16:5 in the King James Version says “Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my wellbeloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto... — study this verse from Romans chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my wellbeloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ.

Romans 16:5 · KJV


Context

3

Greet Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus:

4

Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.

5

Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my wellbeloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ.

6

Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us.

7

Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Likewise greet the church that is in their houseKai tēn kat' oikon autōn ekklēsian (καὶ τὴν κατ' οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίαν). Kat' oikon ekklēsian (κατ' οἶκον ἐκκλησία, church in their house) describes the house church model—believers met in homes (no church buildings until 3rd century). Priscilla and Aquila hosted house churches wherever they lived: Corinth (implied, Acts 18:2-3), Ephesus (1 Corinthians 16:19), Rome (Romans 16:5). Opening their home for worship, teaching, fellowship was ministry—requiring hospitality, financial resources, leadership, and risk (harboring illegal religion).

Salute my wellbeloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto ChristAspasasthe Epaineton ton agapēton mou, hos estin aparchē tēs Asias eis Christon (ἀσπάσασθε Ἐπαίνετον τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου, ὅς ἐστιν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς Χριστόν). Aparchē (ἀπαρχή, firstfruits) designates Epaenetus as the first convert in Asia (province including Ephesus). Eis Christon (unto Christ) indicates conversion. Being 'firstfruits' carried special honor—first converts often became leaders (1 Corinthians 16:15, household of Stephanas).

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Historical & Cultural Context

House churches were 20-40 people meeting in insulae (apartment blocks) or wealthy patrons' homes. No clergy-laity distinction existed; leadership was organic, gifts-based (1 Corinthians 12-14). Hosting required resources: space, food, risk (Christianity was illicit religio). Women like Priscilla, Lydia (Acts 16:15, 40), Nympha (Colossians 4:15) hosted churches, implying leadership roles. Epaenetus as Asia's 'firstfruits' suggests he evangelized others after conversion—first converts typically became evangelists, establishing the faith in new regions.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean to host '<em>kat' oikon ekklēsian</em>' (house church) today—how can you open your home for gospel ministry?
  2. How does the house church model (organic, gift-based, relational) differ from institutional church structures—what are the trade-offs?
  3. Who are the 'firstfruits' (<em>aparchē</em>) in your area—first converts who became evangelists—and how can they be honored and equipped?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
καὶ1 of 18

Likewise

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὴν2 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κατ'3 of 18

that is in

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

οἶκον4 of 18

house

G3624

a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative); by implication, a family (more or less related, literally or figuratively)

αὐτῶν5 of 18

their

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐκκλησίαν6 of 18

greet the church

G1577

a calling out, i.e., (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (jewish synagogue, or christian community of members on earth

ἀσπάσασθε7 of 18

Salute

G782

to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome

Ἐπαίνετον8 of 18

Epaenetus

G1866

praised; epaenetus, a christian

τὸν9 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγαπητόν10 of 18

wellbeloved

G27

beloved

μου11 of 18

my

G3450

of me

ὅς12 of 18

who

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἐστιν13 of 18

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

ἀπαρχὴ14 of 18

the firstfruits

G536

a beginning of sacrifice, i.e., the (jewish) first-fruit (figuratively)

τῆς15 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἀχαΐας16 of 18

of Achaia

G882

achaia (i.e., greece), a country of europe

εἰς17 of 18

unto

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

Χριστόν18 of 18

Christ

G5547

anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 16:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 16:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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