King James Version

What Does Matthew 22:3 Mean?

Matthew 22:3 in the King James Version says “And sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come.

Matthew 22:3 · KJV


Context

1

And Jesus answered and spake unto them again by parables, and said,

2

The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king, which made a marriage for his son,

3

And sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come.

4

Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.

5

But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come (ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ καλέσαι τοὺς κεκλημένους εἰς τοὺς γάμους, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελον ἐλθεῖν)—The doulous (servants) represent the prophets and John the Baptist who prepared Israel for Messiah's coming. The keklēmenous (those having been called/invited) refers to Israel, God's covenant people who had received repeated invitations through the prophets.

The phrase ouk ēthelōn elthein ('they were not willing to come') reveals the problem: not inability but unwillingness. The invitation was clear, the feast was ready, but human volition refused divine grace. This anticipates Jesus's lament in 23:37: 'I would have gathered you...but you were not willing.'

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In Jewish wedding customs, the initial invitation was followed by a second call when the feast was ready. Refusing this final summons was a grave insult, especially from a king. The historical fulfillment points to Israel's rejection of the prophets' message about the coming Messiah.

Reflection Questions

  1. What is the difference between hearing God's invitation and being 'willing' to come—what does true willingness require?
  2. How do we see the pattern of 'repeated invitations' throughout Israel's history, and what does this reveal about God's patience?
  3. In what areas of life might you be 'unwilling' to respond to God's clear invitation?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
καὶ1 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀπέστειλεν2 of 15

sent forth

G649

set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively

τοὺς3 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δούλους4 of 15

servants

G1401

a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)

αὐτοῦ5 of 15
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

κεκλημένους6 of 15

them that were bidden

G2564

to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)

τοὺς7 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κεκλημένους8 of 15

them that were bidden

G2564

to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)

εἰς9 of 15

to

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τοὺς10 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γάμους11 of 15

the wedding

G1062

nuptials

καὶ12 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οὐκ13 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἤθελον14 of 15

they would

G2309

to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),

ἐλθεῖν15 of 15

come

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 22:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 22:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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