King James Version

What Does Romans 10:21 Mean?

Romans 10:21 in the King James Version says “But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people. — study this verse from Romans chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people.

Romans 10:21 · KJV


Context

19

But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are no people, and by a foolish nation I will anger you.

20

But Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me.

21

But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people—The tragic conclusion: Pros de ton Israēl legei, Holēn tēn hēmeran exepetasa tas cheiras mou pros laon apeithonta kai antilegonta (πρὸς δὲ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ λέγει, ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα). Paul continues quoting Isaiah 65:2, picturing God with outstretched hands—a posture of appeal, invitation, and longing. Holēn tēn hēmeran (ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν, "all day long") emphasizes persistent patience despite persistent rejection.

Apeithonta (ἀπειθοῦντα, "disobedient, unwilling to be persuaded") and antilegonta (ἀντιλέγοντα, "contradicting, opposing, gainsaying") describe Israel's double sin: passive disobedience and active opposition. God's hands remain stretched out—He does not withdraw His offer—but Israel continually refuses. This sets up Romans 11's question: Has God rejected His people? Answer: No—a remnant believes (11:1-6), and future restoration is promised (11:25-27). But chapter 10 ends on Israel's tragic stubbornness, broken only by sovereign grace.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Isaiah 65:2-7 indicted Judah's syncretism, idolatry, and covenant rebellion leading to Babylonian exile (586 BC). Jesus wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44) and pronounced judgment (Matt 23:37-39; 24:1-2). Stephen's martyrdom speech (Acts 7) chronicles Israel's history of rejecting God's messengers. In AD 70, Rome destroyed Jerusalem and the temple—the ultimate "stretching out hands" to a disobedient people. Yet the gospel remains "to the Jew first" (Rom 1:16), and God's promises to Israel are irrevocable (Rom 11:29).

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you respond to God's outstretched hands—with obedience or gainsaying?
  2. What does God's persistent appeal to disobedient Israel reveal about His character and patience?
  3. How should this verse shape prayer for unbelieving Israel and confidence in God's plan for their future salvation?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
πρὸς1 of 17

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

δὲ2 of 17

But

G1161

but, and, etc

τὸν3 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰσραὴλ4 of 17

Israel

G2474

israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)

λέγει5 of 17

he saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Ὅλην6 of 17

All

G3650

"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb

τὴν7 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἡμέραν8 of 17

day long

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

ἐξεπέτασα9 of 17

I have stretched forth

G1600

to fly out, i.e., (by analogy) to extend

τὰς10 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

χεῖράς11 of 17

hands

G5495

the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)

μου12 of 17

my

G3450

of me

πρὸς13 of 17

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

λαὸν14 of 17

people

G2992

a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)

ἀπειθοῦντα15 of 17

a disobedient

G544

to disbelieve (wilfully and perversely)

καὶ16 of 17

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀντιλέγοντα17 of 17

gainsaying

G483

to dispute, refuse


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 10:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 10:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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