King James Version

What Does Matthew 21:39 Mean?

Matthew 21:39 in the King James Version says “And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him.

Matthew 21:39 · KJV


Context

37

But last of all he sent unto them his son, saying, They will reverence my son.

38

But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance.

39

And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him.

40

When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?

41

They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him—Prophecy masquerading as parable. The verbs predict Jesus's passion: ἐκβαλόντες ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος (ekbalontes exō tou ampelōnos)—'casting out of the vineyard.' Jesus was crucified outside Jerusalem's walls (Heb 13:12), outside the camp, bearing our reproach.

And slew him (ἀπέκτειναν, apekteinan)—murdered the heir to seize his inheritance. The tenants' logic was perverse: kill the son and the vineyard becomes ours. Israel's leaders rejected Jesus to maintain their religious authority, not realizing they forfeited everything. The very act of casting out the Son brought judgment on their stewardship.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jesus was tried by the Sanhedrin inside Jerusalem, but executed at Golgotha outside the city walls (John 19:17-20). His death outside the camp fulfilled Levitical requirements for sin offerings (Lev 16:27) and separated Him from the holy city—ultimate irony, as the leaders cast out the Holy One.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus's willing acceptance of being 'cast out' provide your entrance into God's presence (Heb 10:19-22)?
  2. What 'inheritance' are you tempted to secure by keeping Jesus at arm's length rather than surrendering control?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
καὶ1 of 9

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

λαβόντες2 of 9

they caught

G2983

while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

αὐτὸν3 of 9

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐξέβαλον4 of 9

and cast

G1544

to eject (literally or figuratively)

ἔξω5 of 9

him out of

G1854

out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively

τοῦ6 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀμπελῶνος7 of 9

the vineyard

G290

a vineyard

καὶ8 of 9

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀπέκτειναν9 of 9

slew

G615

to kill outright; figuratively, to destroy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 21:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 21:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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