King James Version

What Does Matthew 21:40 Mean?

Matthew 21:40 in the King James Version says “When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen? — study this verse from Matthew chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?

Matthew 21:40 · KJV


Context

38

But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance.

39

And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him.

40

When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?

41

They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.

42

Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?—Jesus makes His hearers pronounce judgment on themselves. ὅταν οὖν ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος (hotan oun elthē ho kyrios tou ampelōnos)—'when therefore the lord of the vineyard comes'—assumes certain return and reckoning.

The question forces application: τί ποιήσει τοῖς γεωργοῖς ἐκείνοις (ti poiēsei tois geōrgois ekeinois)—'what will he do to those farmers?' By making them answer, Jesus implicates them in their own condemnation. They cannot claim ignorance or injustice—their own mouths will testify that judgment is deserved. This rhetorical technique exposes conscience while teaching truth.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Parables functioned as prophetic traps. Nathan used this technique with David (2 Sam 12:1-7)—telling a story that made David pronounce judgment on himself. Jesus's hearers understood the vineyard represented Israel (Isa 5:7), yet still answered truthfully, condemning themselves.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the certainty of the owner's return ('when', not 'if') teach about Christ's second coming and accountability?
  2. How might God be using your own judgment of others' sin to expose identical patterns in your heart (Rom 2:1)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
ὅταν1 of 12

When

G3752

whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as

οὖν2 of 12

therefore

G3767

(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly

ἔλθῃ3 of 12

cometh

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

4 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κύριος5 of 12

the lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

τοῦ6 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀμπελῶνος7 of 12

of the vineyard

G290

a vineyard

τί8 of 12

what

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

ποιήσει9 of 12

will he do

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

τοῖς10 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γεωργοῖς11 of 12

husbandmen

G1092

a land-worker, i.e., farmer

ἐκείνοις12 of 12

unto those

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 21:40 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 21:40 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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