King James Version

What Does Matthew 21:34 Mean?

Matthew 21:34 in the King James Version says “And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of ... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it.

Matthew 21:34 · KJV


Context

32

For John came unto you in the way of righteousness, and ye believed him not: but the publicans and the harlots believed him: and ye, when ye had seen it, repented not afterward, that ye might believe him.

33

Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country:

34

And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it.

35

And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another.

36

Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto them likewise.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it—The parable shifts from two sons to wicked tenants. The vineyard owner (God) expects fruit (ὁ καιρὸς τῶν καρπῶν, ho kairos tōn karpōn—the season of fruits). His servants (τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ, tous doulous autou) are the prophets sent to Israel.

God's covenant with Israel wasn't arbitrary favoritism but purposeful stewardship—they were to produce righteousness, justice, and knowledge of God for the nations (Isa 5:1-7). The vineyard imagery evokes Isaiah's song of the vineyard, ending in judgment on fruitless Israel. God's patience extends seasons, but eventually demands accountability.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Isaiah 5:1-7 established vineyard as metaphor for Israel: 'the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel.' God planted, protected, and cultivated them through the Law and Prophets, expecting the fruit of righteousness. Instead, Israel produced bloodshed and injustice.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'fruit' is God looking for in the vineyard of your life—what return on His investment in you?
  2. How does stewardship (managing what belongs to God) differ from ownership (acting as if blessings are yours to use as you please)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
ὅτε1 of 18

when

G3753

at which (thing) too, i.e., when

δὲ2 of 18

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἤγγισεν3 of 18

drew near

G1448

to make near, i.e., (reflexively) approach

4 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

καιρὸς5 of 18

the time

G2540

an occasion, i.e., set or proper time

τῶν6 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

καρποὺς7 of 18

of the fruit

G2590

fruit (as plucked), literally or figuratively

ἀπέστειλεν8 of 18

he sent

G649

set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively

τοὺς9 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δούλους10 of 18

servants

G1401

a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)

αὐτοῦ11 of 18

of it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

πρὸς12 of 18

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

τοὺς13 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γεωργοὺς14 of 18

the husbandmen

G1092

a land-worker, i.e., farmer

λαβεῖν15 of 18

that they might receive

G2983

while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

τοὺς16 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

καρποὺς17 of 18

of the fruit

G2590

fruit (as plucked), literally or figuratively

αὐτοῦ18 of 18

of it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 21:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 21:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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