What Does Matthew 17:27 Mean?

Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them (ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτούς)—the conjunction ἵνα μή ('lest, so that not') introduces purpose: Jesus pays to avoid σκανδαλίζω (causing to stumble, giving offense). Though exempt, He accommodates weak consciences. This exemplifies Paul's later teaching (Romans 14:13-21; 1 Corinthians 8:9-13): don't cause others to stumble over non-essential matters. Christian freedom serves love, not self-assertion. Jesus models humility—voluntarily limiting freedom for others' spiritual good.

Go thou to the sea, and cast an hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a piece of money (πορευθεὶς εἰς θάλασσαν βάλε ἄγκιστρον καὶ τὸν ἀναβάντα πρῶτον ἰχθὺν ἆρον, καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ εὑρήσεις στατῆρα)—The στατήρ (statēr, four-drachma coin) equals two didrachmas, sufficient for two men. This miracle demonstrates (1) Christ's omniscience (knowing which fish has the coin); (2) His authority over creation (directing the fish); (3) His supernatural provision. That take, and give unto them for me and thee—Jesus includes Peter in His provision. God supplies our needs through unexpected means when we trust Him.