King James Version

What Does Mark 10:38 Mean?

Mark 10:38 in the King James Version says “But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the bap... — study this verse from Mark chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?

Mark 10:38 · KJV


Context

36

And he said unto them, What would ye that I should do for you?

37

They said unto him, Grant unto us that we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory.

38

But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?

39

And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized:

40

But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus answered James and John: 'Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?' (Οὐκ οἴδατε τί αἰτεῖσθε. δύνασθε πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω, καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθῆναι;). Jesus exposed their ignorance—'ye know not what ye ask.' They sought glory without understanding the cost. The 'cup' (potērion, ποτήριον) refers to suffering and God's wrath (Isaiah 51:17; Jeremiah 25:15; Mark 14:36). The 'baptism' (baptisma, βάπτισμα) symbolizes overwhelming suffering—being immersed in affliction. Jesus would drink the cup of wrath at the cross and be baptized in suffering and death. True greatness requires sharing Christ's sufferings (Romans 8:17; Philippians 3:10; 1 Peter 4:13). James and John couldn't comprehend this—they'd later flee at Jesus' arrest (Mark 14:50). Only after resurrection and Spirit's coming did they understand.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The 'cup' symbolism appears throughout Scripture as divine judgment (Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17, 22; Jeremiah 25:15-17; Lamentations 4:21; Ezekiel 23:31-34; Habakkuk 2:16; Zechariah 12:2). Jesus would drink this cup in Gethsemane (Mark 14:36) and on the cross, bearing God's wrath against sin. 'Baptism' of suffering echoes Psalm 69:1-2, 'waters are come in unto my soul... I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me.' James did drink Jesus' cup—martyred by Herod Agrippa around AD 44 (Acts 12:2), first apostle killed. John drank it differently—enduring persecution, exile to Patmos (Revelation 1:9), outliving other apostles to die of old age. Both suffered for Christ, though differently. Their confident 'We can' (v. 39) was naive but became reality through grace. Early Christians viewed martyrdom and suffering as sharing Christ's baptism and cup.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the 'cup' and 'baptism' metaphor teach about the necessity of suffering in authentic Christian discipleship?
  2. How does Jesus' question expose the difference between seeking glory versus understanding the cost of true greatness?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
1 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 23

But

G1161

but, and, etc

Ἰησοῦς3 of 23

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

εἶπεν4 of 23

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτοῖς5 of 23

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Οὐκ6 of 23

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

οἴδατε7 of 23

Ye know

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

τί8 of 23

what

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

αἰτεῖσθε9 of 23

ye ask

G154

to ask (in genitive case)

δύνασθε10 of 23

can ye

G1410

to be able or possible

πίνω11 of 23

drink

G4095

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

τὸ12 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ποτήριον13 of 23

of the cup

G4221

a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e., a cupful (draught); figuratively, a lot or fate

14 of 23

that

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἐγὼ15 of 23

I

G1473

i, me

πίνω16 of 23

drink

G4095

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

καί17 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ18 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βάπτισμα19 of 23

with the baptism

G908

baptism (technically or figuratively)

20 of 23

that

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἐγὼ21 of 23

I

G1473

i, me

βαπτισθῆναι22 of 23

am baptized with

G907

to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi

βαπτισθῆναι23 of 23

am baptized with

G907

to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 10:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 10:38 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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