King James Version

What Does Mark 10:40 Mean?

Mark 10:40 in the King James Version says “But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepar... — study this verse from Mark chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared.

Mark 10:40 · KJV


Context

38

But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?

39

And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized:

40

But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared.

41

And when the ten heard it, they began to be much displeased with James and John.

42

But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. are: or, think good


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared (τὸ δὲ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἢ ἐξ εὐωνύμων οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι, ἀλλ᾽ οἷς ἡτοίμασται, to de kathisai ek dexiōn mou ē ex euōnymōn ouk estin emon dounai, all' hois hētoimastai). Jesus affirms divine sovereignty in kingdom appointments—positions of honor aren't dispensed through human favoritism, nepotism, or presumption, but according to the Father's eternal purposes.

The phrase "not mine to give" has sparked theological discussion. Does this limit Jesus' authority? Reformed theology understands this as Jesus speaking in His mediatorial office as incarnate Son—kingdom positions aren't arbitrary gifts Jesus dispenses based on personal preference, but divinely determined according to the Father's will. Matthew's parallel (20:23) adds "but for them for whom it is prepared of my Father," clarifying the Father's sovereign role.

The verb ἡτοίμασται (hētoimastai, "has been prepared") uses the perfect tense, indicating completed action with ongoing results—God has already determined kingdom positions according to His eternal counsel. This doesn't eliminate human responsibility but emphasizes that greatness in God's kingdom isn't achieved through self-promotion but through faithful service according to divine calling.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This response would have shocked James and John. In ancient patronage systems, powerful individuals dispensed positions to loyal followers, family members, or highest bidders. Jesus rejects this worldly model entirely—God's kingdom operates on radically different principles. Positions aren't negotiated, earned through political maneuvering, or granted through family connections, but prepared by God for those who faithfully serve. This teaching challenged not only the disciples' personal ambition but the entire cultural framework of honor, status, and social advancement.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' statement that positions are 'prepared' by God rather than earned through ambition reshape your understanding of kingdom service?
  2. What does this teaching reveal about God's sovereignty in spiritual gifts, callings, and responsibilities within the church?
  3. How do you respond when others receive positions, recognition, or opportunities you desired—with envy or trust in God's sovereign purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
τὸ1 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 17

But

G1161

but, and, etc

καθίσαι3 of 17

to sit

G2523

to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)

ἐξ4 of 17

on

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

δεξιῶν5 of 17

right hand

G1188

the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)

μου6 of 17

my

G3450

of me

καὶ7 of 17

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐξ8 of 17

on

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

εὐωνύμων9 of 17

left hand

G2176

properly, well-named (good-omened), i.e., the left (which was the lucky side among the pagan greeks); neuter as adverbial, at the left hand

μου10 of 17

my

G3450

of me

οὐκ11 of 17

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἔστιν12 of 17

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

ἐμὸν13 of 17

mine

G1699

my

δοῦναι14 of 17

to give

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

ἀλλ'15 of 17

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

οἷς16 of 17

it shall be given to them for whom

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἡτοίμασται17 of 17

it is prepared

G2090

to prepare


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 10:40 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 10:40 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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