King James Version

What Does Luke 9:23 Mean?

Luke 9:23 in the King James Version says “And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily , and follow m... — study this verse from Luke chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily , and follow me.

Luke 9:23 · KJV


Context

21

And he straitly charged them, and commanded them to tell no man that thing;

22

Saying, The Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be slain, and be raised the third day.

23

And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily , and follow me.

24

For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it.

25

For what is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. This verse contains Jesus' comprehensive definition of discipleship, establishing the non-negotiable requirements for following Him. The address "to them all" (pros pantas, πρὸς πάντας) emphasizes universality—these conditions apply to every would-be disciple without exception. The conditional "If any man will come after me" (ei tis thelei opisō mou erchesthai, εἰ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεσθαι) respects human volition—discipleship is voluntary, but the terms are non-negotiable.

The first requirement, "let him deny himself" (arnēsasthō heauton, ἀρνησάσθω ἑαυτόν), uses the verb arneomai (ἀρνέομαι) meaning to renounce, disown, or utterly reject. This is the same verb used for Peter's denial of Christ (Luke 22:57). Denying self means rejecting self-rule, self-will, and self-centeredness—abdication from the throne of one's life. This is total, not partial; it's death to autonomy, not mere self-improvement.

The second requirement, "take up his cross daily" (airetō ton stauron autou kath' hēmeran, ἀιρέτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ' ἡμέραν), introduces the most shocking metaphor. In first-century Palestine, the cross was Rome's instrument of execution for slaves and insurrectionists—a symbol of shame, suffering, and death. Condemned criminals carried their cross to execution. Jesus commands disciples to daily embrace death to self—Luke uniquely adds "daily" (kath' hēmeran, καθ' ἡμέραν), emphasizing that discipleship is not a one-time decision but daily recommitment. The third requirement, "follow me" (akoloutheitō moi, ἀκολουθείτω μοι), means walking in Jesus' footsteps, imitating His life, and obeying His teaching.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This teaching occurred at a crucial turning point in Jesus' ministry. Luke places it immediately after Peter's confession (Luke 9:18-20) and Jesus' first passion prediction (Luke 9:21-22). Jesus had asked, "Who do you say that I am?" Peter answered, "The Christ of God." Jesus then explained that the Christ must suffer, be rejected, and be killed—contradicting popular messianic expectations of a conquering king who would overthrow Rome.

First-century Jewish messianic hopes were predominantly political and military. Most Jews expected Messiah to liberate Israel from Rome, restore Davidic monarchy, and establish earthly kingdom. Zealots advocated armed rebellion. The disciples themselves debated who would have greatest positions in Jesus' kingdom (Luke 9:46). Jesus systematically corrected these expectations, teaching that His kingdom advances through suffering, not violence; through service, not domination; through cross, not crown—at least not earthly crown yet.

The cross was the most horrific and shameful death imaginable in Roman society. Crucifixion was reserved for slaves, rebels, and the worst criminals—Roman citizens were exempt. For Jesus to command disciples to "take up the cross" was shocking, offensive language. This teaching prepared disciples for persecution they would face. Within decades, many would literally face martyrdom—Peter crucified upside down (tradition), Paul beheaded, James killed by sword (Acts 12:2). The early church embraced suffering as normative Christian experience (Acts 14:22, 2 Timothy 3:12, 1 Peter 4:12-16).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean practically to 'deny yourself' in daily decisions about career, relationships, and lifestyle?
  2. How does the 'daily' nature of cross-bearing challenge the idea that Christian conversion is merely a one-time decision?
  3. In what ways do contemporary presentations of Christianity often dilute or ignore Jesus' costly call to discipleship?
  4. How can believers embrace the call to self-denial and cross-bearing without falling into works-righteousness or legalism?
  5. What is the relationship between taking up the cross and experiencing the abundant life Jesus promises (John 10:10)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
Ἔλεγεν1 of 22

he said

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

δὲ2 of 22

And

G1161

but, and, etc

πρὸς3 of 22

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

πάντας4 of 22

them all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

Εἴ5 of 22
G1487

if, whether, that, etc

τις6 of 22
G5100

some or any person or object

θέλει7 of 22

will

G2309

to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),

ὀπίσω8 of 22

after

G3694

to the back, i.e., aback (as adverb or preposition of time or place; or as noun)

μου9 of 22

me

G3450

of me

ἐλθεῖν,10 of 22

come

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

ἀπαρνησάσθω11 of 22

let him deny

G533

to deny utterly, i.e., disown, abstain

ἑαυτὸν12 of 22

himself

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

καὶ13 of 22

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀράτω14 of 22

take up

G142

to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh

τὸν15 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σταυρὸν16 of 22

cross

G4716

a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,

αὐτοῦ17 of 22
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καθ'18 of 22
G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

ἡμέραν19 of 22

daily

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

καὶ20 of 22

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀκολουθείτω21 of 22

follow

G190

properly, to be in the same way with, i.e., to accompany (specially, as a disciple)

μοι22 of 22

me

G3427

to me


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 9:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 9:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study