King James Version

What Does Luke 5:21 Mean?

Luke 5:21 in the King James Version says “And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins,... — study this verse from Luke chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?

Luke 5:21 · KJV


Context

19

And when they could not find by what way they might bring him in because of the multitude, they went upon the housetop, and let him down through the tiling with his couch into the midst before Jesus.

20

And when he saw their faith, he said unto him, Man, thy sins are forgiven thee.

21

And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?

22

But when Jesus perceived their thoughts, he answering said unto them, What reason ye in your hearts?

23

Whether is easier, to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Rise up and walk?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Scribes and Pharisees began to reason saying Who is this that speaks blasphemies Who can forgive sins but God alone. Scribes grammateis Torah experts. Pharisees Pharisaioi religious separatists. Began ērxanto initiated. Reason dialogizesthai think through deliberate. Saying legontes articulating. Who tis interrogative. This houtos derogatory this fellow. Speaks lalōn continuous present. Blasphemies blasphēmias insults to God. Who tis. Can forgive dynatai has power ability. Sins hamartias moral failures. But ei mē except. God alone monos ho theos exclusively. Religious leaders correctly understood implication. Forgiveness divine prerogative. Jesus claiming deity. Either He is God or commits blasphemy. No middle ground. Trilemma liar lunatic Lord. Cannot be merely good teacher. Claims require verdict. Reformed theology affirms Jesus full deity. He has authority to forgive because He is God incarnate. His sacrificial death satisfies justice. Forgiveness not cheap grace but costly purchased by blood.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Forgiveness central to Jewish theology. Day of Atonement sacrifices. God alone forgives based on sacrificial system. Priest mediated did not forgive. Jesus pronouncing forgiveness claimed divine authority. Religious leaders saw clearly implications. Their conclusion logical if Jesus is not God then He blasphemes. Problem was they rejected His deity despite evidence. Miracles fulfilled prophecy authoritative teaching all pointed to deity. Hardness of heart blinded them. Early church proclaimed Jesus divine authority to forgive. Peter Pentecost Paul everywhere preached forgiveness through Christ name alone. This offended Jews polytheists monotheists. Exclusive claim. Offense continues today. Pluralism rejects exclusive claims. But biblical Christianity maintains Christ alone forgives. No other name given among men whereby we must be saved.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why is Jesus authority to forgive sins central test of His identity either God or blasphemer?
  2. How does religious leaders correct theology (only God forgives) combined with rejection of Jesus deity demonstrate that right doctrine without right response condemns?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 24 words
καὶ1 of 24

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἤρξαντο2 of 24

began

G756

to commence (in order of time)

διαλογίζεσθαι3 of 24

to reason

G1260

to reckon thoroughly, i.e., (genitive case) to deliberate (by reflection or discussion)

οἱ4 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραμματεῖς5 of 24

the scribes

G1122

a professional writer

καὶ6 of 24

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ7 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Φαρισαῖοι8 of 24

the Pharisees

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary

λέγοντες9 of 24

saying

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

τίς10 of 24

Who

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

ἐστιν11 of 24

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

οὗτος12 of 24

this

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

ὃς13 of 24

which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

λαλεῖ14 of 24

speaketh

G2980

to talk, i.e., utter words

βλασφημίας15 of 24

blasphemies

G988

vilification (especially against god)

τίς16 of 24

Who

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

δύναται17 of 24

can

G1410

to be able or possible

ἀφιέναι18 of 24

forgive

G863

to send forth, in various applications (as follow)

ἁμαρτίας19 of 24

sins

G266

a sin (properly abstract)

εἰ20 of 24
G1487

if, whether, that, etc

μὴ21 of 24
G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

μόνος22 of 24

alone

G3441

remaining, i.e., sole or single; by implication, mere

23 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θεός24 of 24

God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 5:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 5:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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