King James Version

What Does John 3:10 Mean?

John 3:10 in the King James Version says “Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things? — study this verse from John chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?

John 3:10 · KJV


Context

8

The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.

9

Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?

10

Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?

11

Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness.

12

If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus' response—'Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?'—contains gentle rebuke. 'Master' (didaskalos) with the article indicates Nicodemus's prominent teaching role. One so educated in Israel's Scriptures should understand regeneration from passages like Ezekiel 36:25-27 and Jeremiah 31:31-34. The Old Testament promised new hearts and indwelling Spirit. Nicodemus knew the texts but missed their meaning.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Prophetic promises of new hearts, cleansing water, and the Spirit's indwelling should have prepared Israel for Jesus' teaching. The failure to recognize these connections shows how tradition can obscure Scripture's plain meaning. Jesus expects Old Testament believers to recognize new covenant realities when they appear.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can religious tradition sometimes obscure rather than illuminate Scripture's meaning?
  2. What Old Testament passages point to new birth and the Spirit's transforming work?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
ἀπεκρίθη1 of 16

answered

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

2 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς3 of 16

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

καὶ4 of 16

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

εἶπεν5 of 16

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτῷ6 of 16

unto him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Σὺ7 of 16

thou

G4771

thou

εἶ8 of 16

Art

G1488

thou art

9 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

διδάσκαλος10 of 16

a master

G1320

an instructor (genitive case or specially)

τοῦ11 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰσραὴλ12 of 16

of Israel

G2474

israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)

καὶ13 of 16

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ταῦτα14 of 16

these things

G5023

these things

οὐ15 of 16

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

γινώσκεις16 of 16

knowest

G1097

to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 3:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 3:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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