King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 9:4 Mean?

Jeremiah 9:4 in the King James Version says “Take ye heed every one of his neighbour, and trust ye not in any brother: for every brother will utterly supplant, and e... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Take ye heed every one of his neighbour, and trust ye not in any brother: for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbour will walk with slanders. neighbour: or, friend

Jeremiah 9:4 · KJV


Context

2

Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I might leave my people, and go from them! for they be all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men.

3

And they bend their tongues like their bow for lies: but they are not valiant for the truth upon the earth; for they proceed from evil to evil, and they know not me, saith the LORD.

4

Take ye heed every one of his neighbour, and trust ye not in any brother: for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbour will walk with slanders. neighbour: or, friend

5

And they will deceive every one his neighbour, and will not speak the truth: they have taught their tongue to speak lies, and weary themselves to commit iniquity. deceive: or, mock

6

Thine habitation is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they refuse to know me, saith the LORD.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse warns against trusting neighbors: 'Take ye heed every one of his neighbour, and trust ye not in any brother.' The Hebrew shameru (שִׁמְרוּ, guard yourselves) and al-tivtachu (אַל־תִּבְטְחוּ, do not trust) indicate pervasive social breakdown. 'For every brother will utterly supplant' uses the Hebrew aqov ya'aqov (עָקוֹב יַעֲקֹב), a wordplay on Jacob's name—who 'supplanted' his brother Esau (Genesis 25:26, 27:36). The society has become a nation of Jacobs, everyone deceiving everyone. 'And every neighbour will walk with slanders' (rakhil, רָכִיל, slander, tale-bearing) indicates gossip and false witness as normal behavior. Trust, the foundation of community, has collapsed entirely.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The reference to Jacob's supplanting recalls patriarchal history, suggesting the nation has degenerated to primordial treachery. Social breakdown during Jeremiah's era reflected political instability and moral chaos. Court intrigues, false accusations, and betrayal characterized Judah's final decades. Jeremiah himself experienced betrayal by family (11:21, 12:6) and fellow citizens (38:4-6). Micah 7:5-6 describes similar social dissolution.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the Jacob wordplay suggest about how covenant people can degenerate to their ancestors' worst traits?
  2. How does the breakdown of social trust relate to the breakdown of covenant faithfulness to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
אִ֤ישׁ1 of 17

every one

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

רֵ֖עַ2 of 17

and every neighbour

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

הִשָּׁמֵ֔רוּ3 of 17

Take ye heed

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

וְעַל4 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

כָּל5 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אָח֙6 of 17

for every brother

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

אַל7 of 17
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תִּבְטָ֑חוּ8 of 17

and trust

H982

properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure

כִּ֤י9 of 17
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

כָל10 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אָח֙11 of 17

for every brother

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

יַעְקֹ֔ב12 of 17

supplant

H6117

to seize by the heel; figuratively, to circumvent (as if tripping up the heels); also to restrain (as if holding by the heel)

יַעְקֹ֔ב13 of 17

supplant

H6117

to seize by the heel; figuratively, to circumvent (as if tripping up the heels); also to restrain (as if holding by the heel)

וְכָל14 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

רֵ֖עַ15 of 17

and every neighbour

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

רָכִ֥יל16 of 17

with slanders

H7400

a scandal-monger (as travelling about)

יַהֲלֹֽךְ׃17 of 17

will walk

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 9:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 9:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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