King James Version

What Does Proverbs 10:18 Mean?

Proverbs 10:18 in the King James Version says “He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a slander, is a fool. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a slander, is a fool.

Proverbs 10:18 · KJV


Context

16

The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin.

17

He is in the way of life that keepeth instruction: but he that refuseth reproof erreth. erreth: or, causeth to err

18

He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a slander, is a fool.

19

In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips is wise.

20

The tongue of the just is as choice silver: the heart of the wicked is little worth.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This proverb exposes two forms of foolish speech: hypocritical concealment and slanderous exposure. "He that hideth hatred with lying lips" describes the flatterer who masks animosity behind false pleasantries. Mekasseh sin'ah (מְכַסֶּה שִׂנְאָה, covering hatred) with siftey shaqer (שִׂפְתֵי־שֶׁקֶר, lying lips) creates deceptive relationships. This person smiles while plotting harm, violating both truthfulness and love.

"He that uttereth a slander" represents the opposite extreme—malicious exposure. Motsi dibbah (מוֹצִא דִבָּה, bringing forth slander) spreads harmful reports, whether true or false, to damage reputation. Both behaviors reveal the same verdict: "is a fool" (kesil, כְּסִיל)—someone morally and intellectually deficient.

The proverb warns against speech extremes. One hides truth harmfully (lying), the other speaks truth harmfully (slandering). Neither honors God nor loves neighbor. Leviticus 19:16-18 forbids both: "Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer... neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbour" and "Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart." Jesus commands loving enemies and speaking truth in love (Matthew 5:44, Ephesians 4:15). Genuine wisdom speaks honestly with redemptive intent.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern honor-shame cultures made reputation crucial. Slander could destroy social standing, economic opportunities, and family honor. The ninth commandment prohibits false witness (Exodus 20:16), and Mosaic law prescribed severe penalties for false accusations. Conversely, hiding hatred with flattery was equally dangerous—political intrigue, palace coups, and assassinations often began with feigned friendship. Both behaviors undermined the covenant community's integrity.

Reflection Questions

  1. Are there situations where you hide negative feelings behind pleasant words rather than speaking truth in love?
  2. How can we balance honesty about others' faults with the command not to slander or gossip?
  3. What motivates slander, and how does the gospel address the heart issues that produce malicious speech?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
מְכַסֶּ֣ה1 of 8

He that hideth

H3680

properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

שִׂ֭נְאָה2 of 8

hatred

H8135

hate

שִׂפְתֵי3 of 8

lips

H8193

the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)

שָׁ֑קֶר4 of 8

with lying

H8267

an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)

וּמוֹצִ֥א5 of 8

and he that uttereth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

דִ֝בָּ֗ה6 of 8

a slander

H1681

slander

ה֣וּא7 of 8
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

כְסִֽיל׃8 of 8

is a fool

H3684

properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 10:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 10:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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