About Judges

Judges describes the dark period between Joshua and Samuel, showing repeated cycles of sin, oppression, crying out, and deliverance.

Author: Samuel (traditionally)Written: c. 1050-1000 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 31
Cycle of SinDeliveranceApostasyGod's GraceHuman FailureLeadership

King James Version

Judges 18

31 verses with commentary

The Danites Seek Territory

In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in.</strong> Dan had been allotted fertile western territory (Joshua 19:40-48), but Amorites "forced the children of Dan into the mountain" (Judges 1:34). Rather than trusting God for victory, Dan sought easier conquest elsewhere. The phrase "sought them an inheritance"...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **In those days . . .**—The repetition of the phrase does not necessarily prove the use of different documents. It may only emphasise the reason for the occurrence of such disorders and irregularities. **The tribe.**—*Shebet *sometimes means a whole tribe, and sometimes apparently the division of a tribe (Judges 20:12). **The tribe of the Danites.**—There seems to be a difference between “trib...
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And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there. men of: Heb. sons of

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it.</strong> The tribe of Dan faced a crisis: Amorite pressure prevented them from possessing their allotted territory (Judges 1:34-35). Rather than seeking God's help to defeat their enemies, they sent spies to find easier conquest elsewh...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **From their coasts.**—Literally, *their ends *(Genesis 19:4; 1Kings 12:31). Some explain it to mean “from their whole number.” **Men of valour.**—Literally, *sons of force *(Judges 21:10). **To spy out the land.**—As in Joshua 2:1. **They came to mount Ephraim.**—It would have been an easier journey to pass along the *Shephelah, *but that was mainly in the hands of the original inhabitants. *...
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When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?</strong> The Danite spies recognized the Levite's voice, suggesting prior acquaintance—possibly from festivals at Shiloh or regional connections. The Hebrew "they knew" (<e...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **By the house of Micah.—**Literally, *with*—*i.e., *lodging in it, as in Genesis 27:43. They knew the voice of the young man the Levite.—Again the narrative is too much compressed to enable us to fill up its details with any certainty. The youthful Jonathan had lived in Bethlehem. The grandson of Moses could not be wholly unknown. and at this time there was close intercourse between the tribe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. wine, which cheereth God and man--**not certainly in the same manner. God might be said to be "cheered" by it, when the sacrifices were accepted, as He is said also to be honored by oil (Jud 9:9).

And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.</strong> The Levite's response reveals his mercenary mindset. The phrase "thus and thus dealeth Micah with me" (<em>kazeh v'chazeh asah li Mikah</em>, כָּזֶה וְכָזֶה עָשָׂה לִי מִיכָה) describes his employment terms without apparent shame or recognition of wrongdoing. "Hath hired me" (<em>va...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Thus and thus.**—Literally, *according to this and according to that, *as in 2Samuel 11:25; 1Kings 14:5. **I am his priest.**—See Judges 17:13. Similarly in the dearth of genuine priests Jeroboam was forced to make even Levites out of the lowest of the people (1Kings 12:31).

And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.</strong> The Danite spies sought divine approval for their mission without questioning whether abandoning their God-given territory honored Him. The phrase "ask counsel...of God" (<em>she'al-na be'Elohim</em>, שְׁאַל־נָא בֵאלֹהִים) uses the generic <em>Elohim</em> (א...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Ask counsel . . . of God.**—Doubtless Jonathan showed them the glittering ephod. There were no prophets of whom to inquire, as in 1Kings 22:5; but their unauthorised inquiry was liable to the strong censure expressed in Isaiah 30:1, Hosea 4:12. They might have at least consulted the high priest Phinehas, or some other national representative.

And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the LORD is your way wherein ye go.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the LORD is your way wherein ye go.</strong> The priest's response—"Go in peace" (<em>lekhu leshalom</em>, לְכוּ לְשָׁלוֹם)—was standard priestly blessing language (1 Samuel 1:17), but the assurance "before the LORD is your way" (<em>nochach Yahweh darkekhem</em>, נֹכַח יְהוָה דַּרְכְּכֶם) was presumptuous prophecy without divine authoriza...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Before the Lord is your way**—i.e., *Jehovah looks favourably upon it. *(Comp. Proverbs 5:21; Ezra 8:21.) The answer had, however, some of the oracular ambiguity. Jonathan did not stake his own credit or that of his ephod on any definite details, or even on any distinct promise.

Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man. magistrate: Heb. possessor, or, heir of restraint

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure.</strong> Laish's vulnerability made it attractive target for conquest. The phrase "dwelt careless" (<em>yoshevet labetach</em>, יֹשֶׁבֶת לָבֶטַח) indicates they lived "securely" or "confidently," without fear of attack. "After th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Laish.**—It is called *Leshem *in Joshua 19:47, and is now called *Tel el-Kadi, *“the mound of *the judge,” *possibly (though not probably) with some reference to the name of Dan (Genesis 49:16). It is four miles from Paneas and Cæsarea Philippi, and was the northernmost city of Palestine (Judges 20:1). As such, its name recurs in Isaiah 10:30, if our version is there correct. It is sometime...
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And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?</strong> The spies returned to their tribal base to report findings. The question "What say ye?" (<em>mah attem</em>, מָה אַתֶּם) expresses eager anticipation—the tribe awaited the reconnaissance report that would determine their future. This moment parallels Israel's reception of the tw...
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And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.</strong> The spies' exhortation mimics faithful language from conquest narratives—"arise" (<em>qumah</em>, קוּמָה), "go up" (<em>na'aleh</em>, נַעֲלֶה), "the land...is very good" (<em>ha'arets...tovah me'od...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Behold, it is very good.**—Comp. Numbers 14:7; Joshua 2:23-24. The beauty of the site well bears out the description—“the rich and beautiful seclusion of that loveliest of the scenes of Palestine” (Stanley). It was by a similar statement that Anaxilaus of Rhegium persuaded the Messenians to seize Zankle (Pausan. 4:23, quoted by Cassel). **Are ye still?**—1Kings 22:3; 2Kings 7:9.

When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.</strong> The spies' assurance "God hath given it into your hands" (<em>Elohim netanah beyedkhem</em>, אֱלֹהִים נְתָנָהּ בְיֶדְכֶם) appropriates divine-promise language without actual divine authorization. They use <em>...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **To a large land.**—Literally, *wide on both hands *(Genesis 34:11). This well describes the position of Tel el-Kadi. (See Notes on Judges 18:7; Judges 18:28.) God hath given it into your hands.—Of this they feel confident, from the interpretation which they put upon the oracular response given them by Jonathan in Judges 18:6.

And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war. appointed: Heb. girded

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war.</strong> The phrase "six hundred men appointed with weapons of war" (<em>shesh-me'ot ish chagur keli milchamah</em>, שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אִישׁ חָגוּר כְּלֵי מִלְחָמָה) describes a military expedition, not a peaceful migration. The number 600 appears elsewhere in...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Appointed.**—Literally, *girded. *This was not a mere raid of warriors, but the migration of a section from the tribe, accompanied by their wives and children, and carrying their possessions with them (Judges 18:21). The numbers of the whole tribe at the last census had been 64,400 (Numbers 26:43).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. Joatham ... went to Beer--**the modern village El-Bireh, on the ridge which bounds the northern prospect of Jerusalem.

And they went up, and pitched in Kirjathjearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahanehdan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjathjearim.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjath-jearim.</strong> The Danite warriors camped at Kirjath-jearim, a town in Judah's territory (Joshua 15:60), as they journeyed north. They named the site "Mahaneh-dan" (<em>Machaneh-Dan</em>, מַחֲנֵה־דָן), meaning "camp of Dan." The phrase "unto ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **In Kirjath-jearim.**—Joshua 9:17. The name means “city of forests.” The modern name is “city of grapes” (*Kuriet el Enab*)*. *It is nine miles from Jerusalem, on the Jaffa road. Its original names were Baalah and Kirjath-Baal (Joshua 15:9; Joshua 15:60). It was here that the ark remained for twenty years when sent back by the Philistines (1Samuel 6:20-21; 1Samuel 7:2). “We found it *in the ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jud 9:22-49. Gaal's Conspiracy. **22. When Abimelech had reigned three years--**His reign did not, probably at first, extend beyond Shechem; but by stealthy and progressive encroachments he subjected some of the neighboring towns to his sway. None could "reign" in Israel, except by rebellious usurpation; and hence the reign of Abimelech is expressed in the original by a word signifying "despotism...
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And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.</strong> The Danites' route took them through Ephraimite territory to Micah's house, retracing the path their spies had taken (verse 2). This return to Micah's shrine was no accident—the spies remembered the religious objects they had seen and recognized an opportunity. The verse's brevity belies its significance:...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Unto the house of Micah.**—Probably the precincts of the new sanctuary gave their name to a sort of village—Beth-Micah.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem--**In the course of providence, jealousy, distrust, secret disaffection, and smothered rebellion appeared among his subjects disappointed and disgusted with his tyranny; and God permitted those disorders to punish the complicated crimes of the royal fratricide and idolatrous usurper.

The Danites Take Micah's Idols

Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.</strong> The spies disclosed Micah's religious treasures: an ephod (<em>ephod</em>, אֵפוֹד), teraphim (<em>terapim</em>, תְּרָפִים), graven imag...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Answered.**—Equivalent to *they said, *as in Job 3:2, Zechariah 1:10. **Consider what ye have to do**—i.e., *whether, and how, you would possess yourselves of them. *We notice in these Danite freebooters the same strange mixture of superstition and lawlessness, robbery, and devotion which has often been observed in Greek and Italian brigands.

And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him. saluted: Heb. asked him of peace

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him.</strong> The phrase "turned thitherward" (<em>vayasuru shamah</em>, וַיָּסֻרוּ שָׁמָּה) indicates deliberate diversion from their route—they turned aside specifically to approach the Levite. "Came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Mic...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15-18) In these verses we have a graphic description of the whole nefarious proceeding. The five spies, knowing Jonathan, salute him, and inveigle him to the entrance of the court to talk to their six hundred companions. While the chiefs of this little army detain him in conversation, without any show of violence the five slip away unobserved to the *alîyah, *or upper room, which serves as the ch...
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And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.</strong> This verse establishes the military context of Dan's theft—six hundred armed warriors (<em>anashim chagur keli milchamtam</em>, אֲנָשִׁים חֲגֻרִים כְּלֵי מִלְחַמְתָּם) positioned at Micah's gate. The number six hundred appears repeatedly in this narrat...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. Gaal ... came with his brethren ..., and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him--**An insurrection of the original Canaanites, headed by this man, at last broke out in Shechem.

And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.</strong> This verse details the actual theft, listing four distinct idolatrous objects: the graven image (<em>pesel</e...
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And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?</strong> The priest's question—"What do ye?" (<em>mah-attem osim</em>, מָה־אַתֶּם עֹשִׂים)—appears as token resistance, but his subsequent actions (vv. 19-20) reveal this was performative rather than principled objection. The Hebrew...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **The carved image, the ephod.**—In the Hebrew this is *pesel ha-ephod*—*i.e., *the “pesel-ephod.” Very possibly, however, the ephod may, as a rule, have hung on the carved image, so that to carry off the pesel was also to carry off the ephod, which ordinarily covered it.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?</strong> The Danites' response silences the priest with both threat ("Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth") and temptation (serving a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth.**—Comp. Job 21:5; Job 29:9; Proverbs 30:32. The laying of the finger on the lip is one of the most universal of gestures. It is the attitude of Horus, the Egyptian god of silence. (See Apul. *Metamorph. *1: *at ille digitum, a pollice proximum ori suo admovens . . . tace. tace, inquit.*) **A father and a priest.**—Judges 17:10. **Unto a tribe a...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.</strong> The priest's response reveals his true character: "the priest's heart was glad" (<em>vayyitav lev-hakohen</em>, וַיִּיטַב לֵב־הַכֹּהֵן, literally "and it was good to the heart of the priest"). The verb <em>yatav</em> (יָטַב, "was good/pleased") echoe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **The priest’s heart was glad.**—Judges 19:6; Judges 19:9; Ruth 3:7. The disgraceful alacrity with which he sanctions the theft, and abandons for self-interest the cause of Micah, is very unworthy of a grandson of Moses. Dean Stanley appositely compares the bribe offered in 1176 to the monk Roger of Canterbury:—“Give us the portion of St. Thomas’s skull which is in thy custody, and thou shalt...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.</strong> This verse describes the Danites' tactical retreat after the theft. Placing "the little ones" (<em>hataf</em>, הַטַּף, children/dependents), "cattle" (<em>miqneh</em>, מִקְנֶה, livestock), and "carriage" (<em>kevudah</em>, כְּבוּדָה, heavy goods/valuables) "before them" (<em>lifneihem...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **The little ones and the cattle.**—It is only in this incidental way that the fact of this being a regular migration is brought out. (Comp. Exodus 12:37.) The women are, of course, included, though not mentioned (Genesis 34:29; 2Chronicles 20:13). **And the carriage**—i.e., “the baggage.” (Comp. Acts 21:15.) The word is *hakkebodah, *which the LXX. (Cod. A) render “their glorious possession,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.</strong> The phrase "a good way" (<em>hirchiqu</em>, הִרְחִיקוּ, "they had gone far/distanced themselves") indicates significant distance between the Danites and Micah's house before pursuit began. The Hebrew verb <em>rachaq<...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **A good way from the house of Micah.**—It took some time to raise the alarm and collect a sufficient force. The Beth-Micah was probably strong enough to resist any ordinary robbers, but no one could have expected a raid of 600 men. Yet they would easily overtake the Danites, because their march was delayed and encumbered with women, children, and cattle. **Were gathered together.**—See Judge...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company? comest: Heb. art gathered together?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?</strong> Micah's neighbors "cried" (<em>vayiqre'u</em>, וַיִּקְרְאוּ) to the Danites, calling them to stop and account for their theft. The Hebrew <em>qara</em> (קָרָא, "to call/cry out") can indicate urgent shouting or summoning to attention. T...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **What aileth thee?**—There is again a certain grim humour in the narrative, with some sense of irony for the total discomfiture and pathetic outcries of Micah. Dan showed himself in this proceeding like “a serpent on the way, an adder in the path” (Genesis 49:17). (Comp. Deuteronomy 33:22.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?</strong> Micah's response reveals both his grief and the tragic irony of his situation. "Ye have taken away my gods which I made" (<em>et-elohay asher-asiti</em>, אֶת־אֱלֹהַי אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂיתִי) exposes the fundamental absur...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **My gods which I made.**—He does not scruple to call the pesel and teraphim “gods” (his Elohim), any more than the idolater Laban had done (Genesis 30:31). The expression seems to be intended to show scorn for Micah; and perhaps it is from missing this element that the LXX. soften it down into “my graven image,” and the Chaldee to “my fear.” “My gods which I made” would be a very ordinary ex...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household. angry: Heb. bitter of soul

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.</strong> The Danites' response constitutes direct threat: "Let not thy voice be heard among us" (<em>al-tashma qolekha immanu</em>, אַל־תַּשְׁמַע קוֹלְךָ עִמָּנוּ, literally "let not your voice be heard with us") commands Mic...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Lest angry fellows run upon thee.**—Literally, *lest men bitter of soul fall upon thee. *(Comp. Judges 8:21; Judges 15:12; 2Samuel 17:8, “chafed in their minds.”) **Thou lose thy life.**—Literally, *thou gather thy life, *as in Psalm 26:9.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.</strong> The stark conclusion—"Micah saw that they were too strong for him" (<em>vayar Mikhah ki-chazaqim hem mimenu</em>, וַיַּרְא מִיכָה כִּי־חֲזָקִים הֵם מִמֶּנּוּ)—demonstrates might's triumph over right. The Hebrew <em>chazaq</em> (חָזָק, "strong/powerf...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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The Danites Conquer Laish

And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.</strong> This verse narrates the violent conquest of Laish by the Danite tribe, revealing the spiritual and moral chaos that characterized the period of the Judges. The phr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Burnt the city with fire.**—This was unusual, for we are told that Hazor was the only city which Joshua burnt (Joshua 11:13). Perhaps they had devoted the city by a ban, as Jericho was devoted (Joshua 6:24); or the burning may have been due to policy or to accident. Probably the notion that such conduct was cruel and unjustifiable never occurred to them; nor must we judge them by the standa...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Bethrehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.</strong> This verse describes Laish's vulnerability and the Danites' successful conquest. "There was no deliverer" (<em>ve'ein matsil</em>, וְאֵין מַצִּיל) indicates Laish possessed no military allies ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **In the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob.**—At the foot of the lowest range of Lebanon, and at the sources of the Jordan (Numbers 13:21), north of Lake Huleh. It is probably the Rehob of Judges 1:31, Joshua 19:30; and later it belonged to Syria (2Samuel 10:6) The name means “house of spaciousness.” Robinson (*Bibl. Res. *Iii. 371) identifies it with *Hunîn, *a fortress which commands the plai...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.</strong> The Danites renamed their conquered city "Dan" (<em>Dan</em>, דָּן) after their tribal patriarch, Jacob's son born to Bilhah (Genesis 30:6). The Hebrew <em>Dan</em> means "judgment" or "he judged," reflecting Rachel's statemen...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **They called the name of the city Dan.**—Just as the Messenians changed the name Zankle into Messene.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.</strong> This verse reveals the tragic identity of Micah's hired priest—Jonathan, grandson of Moses (the name "Manasseh" in some manuscripts is "Moses" with a suspended letter nun, a scribal devi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Set up the graven image.**—*If *this *pesel *was in the form of a calf, the tradition of this cult may have given greater facility to the daring innovation of Jeroboam (1Kings 12:30). In any case, it would make the inhabitants more ready to accept a cherubic symbol of Jehovah; for we may fairly assume that the “image” was not dissociated from the worship of God, whether as Elohim or Jehovah...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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And they set them up Micah's graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they set them up Micah's graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.</strong> This verse highlights the tragic irony and inexcusable nature of Dan's idolatry. While they worshiped Micah's stolen graven image at their northern shrine, "the house of God was in Shiloh"—the legitimate tabernacle with God's authorized priesthood was available and accessibl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **And they set them up Micah’s graven image.**—Rather, *entrusted to them, i.e., *to Jonathan’s descendants. The phrase “set them up” can only have been used by inadvertence by our translators in this verse, since the verb used, *yasîmo *(LXX., *etaxan heautois; *but Vulg., *mansitque apud eos, i.e., *there remained with *them *the descendants of Jonathan), is wholly different from the verb *...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28-45. would to God this people were under my hand--**He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perish...
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