King James Version

What Does Judges 18:3 Mean?

When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

Judges 18:3 · KJV


Context

1

In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.

2

And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there. men of: Heb. sons of

3

When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

4

And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.

5

And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here? The Danite spies recognized the Levite's voice, suggesting prior acquaintance—possibly from festivals at Shiloh or regional connections. The Hebrew "they knew" (vayakkiru, וַיַּכִּירוּ) implies recognition of accent, dialect, or speech patterns distinctive to Levites. Their questions probe his presence: "Who brought thee hither?" (mi hevi'acha halom, מִי הֱבִיאֲךָ הֲלֹם), "what makest thou?" (u-mah attah oseh bazeh, וּמָה־אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה בָּזֶה), "what hast thou here?" (u-mah lekha poh, וּמָה־לְךָ פֹה).

These questions reveal curiosity but not moral outrage. The spies should have recognized the impropriety of a Levite serving private, unauthorized worship. Levites were assigned to serve the tabernacle and teach God's law (Deuteronomy 33:10), not hire out as personal priests for idolatrous shrines. Their failure to confront this apostasy demonstrates spiritual blindness—they saw religious opportunity, not covenant violation. This foreshadows their eventual theft of Micah's entire shrine (verses 14-20), showing how tolerance of small compromises leads to greater apostasy.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Levites had no tribal territory but were assigned cities throughout Israel (Joshua 21). They depended on tithes and offerings for support (Numbers 18:21-24). During the chaotic judges period, with centralized worship weakened and lawlessness increasing, some Levites struggled economically and compromised their calling. This Levite from Bethlehem-judah (Judges 17:7) hired himself to Micah for economic security, abandoning his proper role. His willingness to serve private idolatrous worship illustrates the spiritual decay affecting even the priestly tribe.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do economic pressures or personal needs sometimes tempt us to compromise our calling and convictions?
  2. What does the spies' curiosity without moral outrage teach about how familiarity with sin can dull spiritual discernment?
  3. In what ways might we be tolerating 'small' compromises that could lead to greater spiritual disaster?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 24 words
הֵ֚מָּה1 of 24
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

עִם2 of 24
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

בֵּ֣ית3 of 24

When they were by the house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

מִיכָ֔ה4 of 24

of Micah

H4318

micah, the name of seven israelites

וְהֵ֣מָּה5 of 24
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

הִכִּ֔ירוּ6 of 24

they knew

H5234

properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (

אֶת7 of 24
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

ק֥וֹל8 of 24

the voice

H6963

a voice or sound

הַנַּ֖עַר9 of 24

of the young man

H5288

(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit

הַלֵּוִ֑י10 of 24

the Levite

H3881

a levite or descendant of levi

וַיָּס֣וּרוּ11 of 24

and they turned in

H5493

to turn off (literally or figuratively)

שָׁ֗ם12 of 24
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ13 of 24

thither and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לוֹ֙14 of 24
H0
מִֽי15 of 24
H4310

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

הֱבִיאֲךָ֣16 of 24

unto him Who brought

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

הֲלֹ֔ם17 of 24

thee hither

H1988

hither

וּמָֽה18 of 24
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

אַתָּ֥ה19 of 24
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

עֹשֶׂ֛ה20 of 24

and what makest

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

בָּזֶ֖ה21 of 24
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וּמַה22 of 24
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

לְּךָ֥23 of 24
H0
פֹֽה׃24 of 24
H6311

this place (french ici), i.e., here or hence


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Judges. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Judges 18:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Judges 18:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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