About Ezra

Ezra records the return from exile and the rebuilding of the temple, followed by Ezra's ministry of spiritual restoration.

Author: EzraWritten: c. 450-400 BCReading time: ~6 minVerses: 44
RestorationTemple RebuildingLawPurityPrayerConfession

King James Version

Ezra 10

44 verses with commentary

The People's Response

Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore. wept: Heb. wept a great weeping

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore.</strong> Ezra's public mourning over Israel's sin catalyzed corporate repentance. The participles 'weeping and casting himself down' describe prostrate gr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**X.** (1-6) The covenant of repentance and amendment. Here the narrative assumes another form; and, in accordance with the solemnity of a great public transaction, Ezra adopts the third person. (1) **Before the house of God.**—Prostrating himself towards the Temple in the court, where all the people saw him and marked his distress. **Wept very sore.**—The evil penetrated domestic life, and the pu...
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And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, answered and said unto Ezra, We have trespassed against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: yet now there is hope in Israel concerning this thing.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Bani, answered and said unto Ezra, We have trespassed against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: yet now there is hope in Israel concerning this thing.</strong> Shechaniah's confession demonstrates covenant awareness. The verb 'trespassed' (<em>ma'alnu</em>, מָעַלְנוּ) indicates breach of trust or faithlessn...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem--**As a necessary preparation for the right observance of the approaching solemnity, the removal of the altars, which Ahaz had erected in the city, was resolved upon (2Ch 28:24); for, as the people of God, the Hebrews were bound to extirpate all traces of idolatry; and it was a happy sign and pledge of the influence of the Spirit per...
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Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law. to put: Heb. to bring forth

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law.</strong> Shecaniah proposes a radical covenant (<em>berit</em>) to resolve the crisis. The phrase <strong>"put away"</strong> (<em>hotzi</em>, from <e...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. the priests and the Levites were ashamed--**Though the Levites are associated in this statement, the priests were principally referred to; those of them who had been dilatory or negligent in sanctifying themselves (2Ch 29:34) were put to the blush and stimulated to their duty by the greater alacrity and zeal of the people.

Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it.</strong> Shecaniah issues four imperatives to Ezra: arise (<em>qum</em>), recognize responsibility (<em>aleikha haddavar</em>, "upon you is the matter"), take courage (<em>chazaq</em>), and execute (<em>aseh</em>). This pattern appears when God commissions leaders for difficult tasks (Josh...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-18. the priests sprinkled the blood, which they received of the hand of the Levites--**This was a deviation from the established rules and practices in presenting the offerings of the temple. The reason was, that many present on the occasion having not sanctified themselves, the Levites slaughtered the paschal victims (see on 2Ch 35:5) for everyone that was unclean. At other times the heads o...
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Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware.</strong> Ezra immediately acts on Shecaniah's call—<strong>"Then arose Ezra"</strong> (<em>vayyaqom ezra</em>) shows decisive response without hesitation or political calculation. He binds the leadership and people by oath (<em>shava</em>), creating...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-18. the priests sprinkled the blood, which they received of the hand of the Levites--**This was a deviation from the established rules and practices in presenting the offerings of the temple. The reason was, that many present on the occasion having not sanctified themselves, the Levites slaughtered the paschal victims (see on 2Ch 35:5) for everyone that was unclean. At other times the heads o...
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Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away.</strong> Ezra withdraws to fast and mourn despite securing the oath. His grief continues unabated—<strong>"he did eat no bread, nor drink wate...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-18. the priests sprinkled the blood, which they received of the hand of the Levites--**This was a deviation from the established rules and practices in presenting the offerings of the temple. The reason was, that many present on the occasion having not sanctified themselves, the Levites slaughtered the paschal victims (see on 2Ch 35:5) for everyone that was unclean. At other times the heads o...
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And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem.</strong> The leadership issues official <em>kol</em> ("voice/proclamation") throughout the province. The phrase <strong>"throughout Judah and Jerusalem"</strong> indicates formal governmental decree reaching all returned exiles. This ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7-17) Conference of the people and commission to try individual cases. (8) **Forfeited.**—This, as also what precedes and what follows, again recalls the express commission of Ezra 7. But “according to the counsel” removes all appearance of arbitrariness on the part of Ezra. (9) **Within three days.**—From the time of hearing the summons. No town was more than forty miles distant; and of course o...
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And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, all his substance should be forfeited, and himself separated from the congregation of those that had been carried away. forfeited: Heb. devoted

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, all his substance should be forfeited, and himself separated from the congregation of those that had been carried away.</strong> The decree includes severe penalties: property confiscation (<em>yochoram</em>, "devoted/forfeited") and excommunication (<em>yibbadel</em>, "separated")....
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. the Lord ... healed the people--**We imagine the whole affair to have been the following: In consequence of their transgressions they had cause to fear disease and even death (Le 15:31). Hezekiah prayed for the nation, which was on the point of being diseased, and might therefore be regarded as sick already [Bertheau].

The Assembly

Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves together unto Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of this matter, and for the great rain. the great: Heb. the showers

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves together unto Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of this matter, and for the great rain.</strong> The compliance was universal—<strong>"all the men of Judah and Benjamin"</strong> (the two southern tribes...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21-24. the children of Israel ... kept the feast--**The time appointed by the law for the continuance of the feast was seven days [Ex 12:15; 13:6; Le 23:6]; but in consequence of its having been allowed to fall so long into desuetude, they doubled the period of celebration and kept it fourteen days with unabated satisfaction and joy. Materials for the additional sacrificial meals were supplied b...
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And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel. have taken: Heb. have caused to dwell, or, have brought back

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel.</strong> Ezra's confrontation addresses the crisis directly without euphemism. The verb 'transgressed' (<em>ma'altem</em>, מְעַלְתֶּם) indicates covenant violation, not merely poor judgment. Taking 'strange wives' (<em>nashim nochriyot</em>, נָשִׁים נָכְ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21-24. the children of Israel ... kept the feast--**The time appointed by the law for the continuance of the feast was seven days [Ex 12:15; 13:6; Le 23:6]; but in consequence of its having been allowed to fall so long into desuetude, they doubled the period of celebration and kept it fourteen days with unabated satisfaction and joy. Materials for the additional sacrificial meals were supplied b...
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Now therefore make confession unto the LORD God of your fathers, and do his pleasure: and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from the strange wives.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now therefore make confession unto the LORD God of your fathers, and do his pleasure: and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from the strange wives.</strong> Ezra's address includes three imperatives: confess (<em>tenu todah</em>), do God's pleasure (<em>asu retsono</em>), and separate (<em>hibbadelu</em>). The phrase <strong>"make confession unto the LORD God of your fat...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21-24. the children of Israel ... kept the feast--**The time appointed by the law for the continuance of the feast was seven days [Ex 12:15; 13:6; Le 23:6]; but in consequence of its having been allowed to fall so long into desuetude, they doubled the period of celebration and kept it fourteen days with unabated satisfaction and joy. Materials for the additional sacrificial meals were supplied b...
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Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, As thou hast said, so must we do.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, As thou hast said, so must we do.</strong> The unanimous response—<strong>"all the congregation answered"</strong> (<em>kol-haqahal</em>)—shows corporate agreement. Their reply <strong>"with a loud voice"</strong> (<em>qol gadol</em>) emphasizes public, unified declaration, not private whispered assent. This wasn't coerced comp...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21-24. the children of Israel ... kept the feast--**The time appointed by the law for the continuance of the feast was seven days [Ex 12:15; 13:6; Le 23:6]; but in consequence of its having been allowed to fall so long into desuetude, they doubled the period of celebration and kept it fourteen days with unabated satisfaction and joy. Materials for the additional sacrificial meals were supplied b...
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But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain, and we are not able to stand without, neither is this a work of one day or two: for we are many that have transgressed in this thing. we are many: or, we have greatly offended in this thing

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain</strong>—the congregation acknowledges practical obstacles to immediate resolution. The Hebrew <em>geshem rav</em> (גֶּשֶׁם רָב, 'much rain') refers to the winter rainy season (Kislev, December-January), making outdoor assemblies impossible and travel difficult.<br><br><strong>Neither is this a work of one day or two</strong>—the commu...
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Let now our rulers of all the congregation stand, and let all them which have taken strange wives in our cities come at appointed times, and with them the elders of every city, and the judges thereof, until the fierce wrath of our God for this matter be turned from us. for this: or, till this matter be dispatched

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Let now our rulers of all the congregation stand</strong>—the proposal suggests delegated authority through representatives (<em>sarim</em>, leaders/officials) rather than mass assembly. This demonstrates organizational wisdom in crisis management.<br><br><strong>Let all them which have taken strange wives in our cities come at appointed times</strong> (<em>le'ittim mezummanim</em>)—schedu...
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Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. were: Heb. stood

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter</strong>—the Hebrew <em>amdu al-zot</em> can mean either 'stood against this' (opposing the process) or 'were appointed over this' (administering it). Context suggests opposition, as <strong>Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them</strong> in resistance.<br><br>This verse reveals that ref...
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And the children of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain chief of the fathers, after the house of their fathers, and all of them by their names, were separated, and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of the captivity did so</strong>—despite opposition, the community proceeded with the investigation. The phrase 'children of the captivity' (<em>bene hagolah</em>) emphasizes their identity as returned exiles who knew judgment's consequences firsthand. This motivated covenant faithfulness.<br><br><strong>Ezra the priest, with certain chief of the fathers... were separated<...
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And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month</strong>—the investigation concluded exactly three months after it began (Tebeth 1 to Nisan 1). The phrase <em>vaykhalu</em> (וַיְכַלּוּ, 'they finished') indicates completion, thoroughness. No cases were left unresolved or swept aside.<br><br>The timing is significant: Nisan 1 marked the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 31 2Ch 31:1-10. The People Forward in Destroying Idolatry. **1. all Israel ... present went out to the cities of Judah--**The solemnities of this paschal season left a deep and salutary impression on the minds of the assembled worshippers; attachment to the ancient institutions of their country was extensively revived; ardor in the service of God animated every bosom; and under the imp...
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Those Guilty of Intermarriage

And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives</strong>—the list begins with priests, the very leaders charged with teaching covenant law. Their violation was most serious, as they bore greater responsibility (James 3:1). The phrase <em>vayimmatze'u</em> (וַיִּמָּצְאוּ, 'were found') suggests investigative discovery, not voluntary confession.<br><br><strong...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18-44) List of the transgressors. (19) **They gave their hands.**—The four members of the high priest’s family were peculiarly dealt with. They gave their distinct pledge, and offered each a special trespass offering. It is one among a multitude of similar tokens of authenticity in the history; and inventor would have given some reason for the peculiarity. (22) **Pashur.**—Comparing Ezra 2:36-39,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests, &amp;c.--**The king now turned his attention to provide for the orderly performance of the temple-worship--arranging the priests and Levites in their courses, assigning to every one his proper place and functions--and issuing edicts for the regular payment of those dues from which the revenues of the sanctuary were derived. To set a proper exam...
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And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they gave their hands</strong> (<em>vayittenu yadam</em>)—this idiom signifies making a binding oath or covenant commitment (2 Kings 10:15, Ezekiel 17:18). The gesture symbolized pledged faithfulness, making their commitment public and irrevocable.<br><br><strong>That they would put away their wives</strong> (<em>lehotsi nasheihem</em>)—the verb <em>yatsa</em> (to send out/away) is the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests, &amp;c.--**The king now turned his attention to provide for the orderly performance of the temple-worship--arranging the priests and Levites in their courses, assigning to every one his proper place and functions--and issuing edicts for the regular payment of those dues from which the revenues of the sanctuary were derived. To set a proper exam...
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And of the sons of Immer; Hanani, and Zebadiah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Immer; Hanani, and Zebadiah.</strong> This verse appears within Ezra's genealogical record of Israelites who had married foreign women contrary to God's covenant commands. The priestly family of Immer is specifically named, indicating that even religious leaders had compromised. The Hebrew construction simply lists names without elaboration, reflecting the somber, matter...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests, &amp;c.--**The king now turned his attention to provide for the orderly performance of the temple-worship--arranging the priests and Levites in their courses, assigning to every one his proper place and functions--and issuing edicts for the regular payment of those dues from which the revenues of the sanctuary were derived. To set a proper exam...
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And of the sons of Harim; Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, and Jehiel, and Uzziah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Harim; Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, and Jehiel, and Uzziah</strong>—this verse continues the priestly list, naming five members of Harim's family. Harim was a priestly division (2:39, 1 Chronicles 24:8), one of the prominent families returning from exile. The listing of five violators from one family suggests covenant compromise may have spread through kinship net...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests, &amp;c.--**The king now turned his attention to provide for the orderly performance of the temple-worship--arranging the priests and Levites in their courses, assigning to every one his proper place and functions--and issuing edicts for the regular payment of those dues from which the revenues of the sanctuary were derived. To set a proper exam...
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And of the sons of Pashur; Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethaneel, Jozabad, and Elasah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Pashur; Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethaneel, Jozabad, and Elasah</strong>—six priests from Pashur's family are named. Pashur was another major priestly division (2:38), second in size after Jedaiah. The progression through priestly families (Jeshua, Harim, Pashur) demonstrates systematic investigation by family lines.<br><br>The name <em>Maaseiah</em> appears repeated...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6-7. and laid them by heaps--**The contributions began to be sent in shortly after the celebration of the passover, which had taken place in the middle of the second month. Some time would elapse before the king's order reached all parts of the kingdom. The wheat harvest occurred in the third month, so that the sheaves of that grain, being presented before any other, formed "the foundation," an ...
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Also of the Levites; Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah, (the same is Kelita,) Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Also of the Levites; Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah, (the same is Kelita,) Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer</strong>—the list now moves from priests to Levites, who assisted in temple service (Numbers 3:5-10). Six Levites appear here, representing a smaller percentage than priests, possibly because Levites had fewer returnees overall (Ezra 8:15-19).<br><br>The parenthetical note <strong>(th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6-7. and laid them by heaps--**The contributions began to be sent in shortly after the celebration of the passover, which had taken place in the middle of the second month. Some time would elapse before the king's order reached all parts of the kingdom. The wheat harvest occurred in the third month, so that the sheaves of that grain, being presented before any other, formed "the foundation," an ...
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Of the singers also; Eliashib: and of the porters; Shallum, and Telem, and Uri.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of the singers also; Eliashib</strong>—only one singer (<em>meshorer</em>) appears in the list. Singers were Levites with specialized temple responsibilities (1 Chronicles 25), leading worship and psalms. That only one singer violated the covenant suggests this group maintained higher faithfulness levels. Their constant engagement with Scripture through song may have strengthened covenant ...
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Moreover of Israel: of the sons of Parosh; Ramiah, and Jeziah, and Malchiah, and Miamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Moreover of Israel: of the sons of Parosh; Ramiah, and Jeziah, and Malchiah, and Miamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah.</strong> This verse begins the detailed roster of Israelites who took foreign wives, starting with the <strong>sons of Parosh</strong> (פַּרְעֹשׁ, <em>Par'osh</em>, meaning "flea" or "dividing"). Seven men from this prominent family violated the covenant prohibi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. Hezekiah questioned with the priests and the Levites concerning the heaps--**The object of his enquiries was to ascertain whether the supplies afforded the prospect of a sufficient maintenance for the members of the sacred order.

And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah.</strong> The family of <strong>Elam</strong> (עֵילָם, <em>'Elam</em>, meaning "hidden" or "eternity") contributed six offenders to the list. The name <em>Zechariah</em> (זְכַרְיָה, "Yahweh remembers") carries particular poignancy—Yahweh remembered His covenant promises to restore Israel from exile...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. Azariah ... answered ... we have had enough--**This is probably the person mentioned (2Ch 26:17), and his reply was to the following purport: There has been an abundant harvest, and a corresponding plenty in the incoming of first-fruits and tithes; the people have testified their gratitude to Him who has crowned the year with His goodness by their liberality towards His servants. 2Ch 31:1...
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And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza.</strong> The <strong>Zattu</strong> (זַתּוּא, <em>Zattu'</em>, possibly meaning "olive tree") family contributed six members to the transgression list. <em>Elioenai</em> (אֶלְיוֹעֵינַי, "my eyes are toward Yahweh") and <em>Eliashib</em> (אֶלְיָשִׁיב, "God restores") both contain theophoric elements...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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Of the sons also of Bebai; Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai , and Athlai.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of the sons also of Bebai; Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai.</strong> The <strong>Bebai</strong> (בֵּבַי, <em>Bebay</em>, possibly meaning "fatherly" or "paternal") family listed four offenders. <em>Jehohanan</em> (יְהוֹחָנָן, "Yahweh is gracious") heads the list, his name proclaiming divine grace while his actions spurned covenant mercy by marrying outside Israel. The irony cuts de...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, and Ramoth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, and Ramoth.</strong> The <strong>Bani</strong> (בָּנִי, <em>Bani</em>, meaning "built" or "builder") family produced six violators. <em>Meshullam</em> (מְשֻׁלָּם, "repaid" or "restored") appears frequently in post-exilic records, his name suggesting divine restoration—yet he undermined that restoration through sync...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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And of the sons of Pahathmoab; Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezaleel, and Binnui, and Manasseh.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Pahath-moab; Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezaleel, and Binnui, and Manasseh.</strong> The <strong>Pahath-moab</strong> (פַּחַת מוֹאָב, <em>Pachath-Mo'av</em>, "governor of Moab") clan listed eight violators—the largest single-family count in this section. The family name itself ironically recalls Moabite connections, now actualized through forbidden m...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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And of the sons of Harim; Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchiah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And of the sons of Harim; Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchiah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,</strong> The <strong>Harim</strong> (חָרִם, <em>Charim</em>, meaning "dedicated" or "consecrated") family ironically bears a name suggesting holiness yet produced covenant violators. <em>Eliezer</em> (אֱלִיעֶזֶר, "God is help") leads this list—the same name as Abraham's faithful servant and Moses' son, now associated ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah.</strong><br><br>This brief genealogical entry appears in Ezra's list of Israelites who married foreign women during the post-exilic period and subsequently divorced them to maintain covenant faithfulness. The Hebrew names carry theological significance: <em>Binyamin</em> ("son of the right hand," indicating favor), <em>Mallukh</em> ("counselor" or "king," ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei.</strong> The <strong>Hashum</strong> (חָשֻׁם, <em>Chashum</em>, possibly "shining" or "wealthy") family contributed seven members to the transgression roster. <em>Mattenai</em> (מַתְּנַי, "gift of Yahweh") and <em>Mattathah</em> (מַתַּתָּה, "gift") both emphasize divine giving, their similar names ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel,</strong> This verse lists three members from another <strong>Bani</strong> (בָּנִי, <em>Bani</em>, "built") family—distinct from the Bani in verse 29, showing multiple clans bore this name. <em>Amram</em> (עַמְרָם, 'Amram, "exalted people") shares the name of Moses' father (Exodus 6:20), creating weighty associations with covenant origins and Mo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-18. Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the Lord--**storehouses, granaries, or cellars; either the old ones, which had been allowed through neglect to fall into decay, were to be repaired, or additional ones built. Private individuals brought their own first-fruits to the temple; but the tithes were levied by the Levites, who kept a faithful account of them in their several...
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Benaiah, Bedeiah, Chelluh,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Benaiah, Bedeiah, Chelluh,</strong> This verse continues the list from verse 34, presenting three more names without family designation, likely still from the Bani clan. <em>Benaiah</em> (בְּנָיָה, "Yahweh has built") appears multiple times in these chapters, emphasizing the building/construction theme—God was building a holy people, yet these men undermined that divine architecture throug...
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Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib.</strong> These names appear in the painful roster of men who married foreign wives, violating the covenant command against intermarriage with pagan nations (Ezra 9:1-2). Each name carries theological irony: Vaniah ('Yahweh is worthy'), Meremoth ('elevations/heights'), Eliashib ('God restores'). Their names testified to covenant identity even as their marriages c...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. Hezekiah ... wrought that which was good and right--**He displayed the qualities of a constitutional king, in restoring and upholding the ancient institutions of the kingdom; while his zealous and persevering efforts to promote the cause of true religion and the best interests of his subjects entitled him to be ranked with the most illustrious of his predecessors (2Ki 18:15).

Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasau,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasau.</strong> This trio of names continues the register of covenant violators. Mattaniah and Mattenai both derive from <em>mattān</em> (מַתָּן, 'gift'), meaning 'gift of Yahweh.' The repetition of similar names suggests possibly related family members—perhaps brothers or cousins—who fell into the same sin together. Jaasau (also spelled Jaasu) means 'Yahweh has m...
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And Bani, and Binnui, Shimei,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Bani, and Binnui, Shimei.</strong> These three names continue the catalog of those who violated the marriage covenant. Bani means 'built' (<em>bānûy</em>, בָּנוּי), Binnui means 'built up' or 'my building,' and Shimei means 'famous' or 'Yahweh has heard' (<em>Shim'î</em>, שִׁמְעִי). The first two names share the building theme, possibly indicating family relationship. The irony is shar...
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And Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah.</strong> This final trio in the immediate sequence includes Shelemiah ('Yahweh is peace/recompense,' <em>Shelemyāh</em>, שְׁלֶמְיָה), Nathan ('he gave,' <em>Nātān</em>, נָתָן), and Adaiah ('Yahweh has adorned/witnessed,' <em>'Adāyāh</em>, עֲדָיָה). Nathan shares a name with David's faithful prophet who confronted the king about adultery with Bathsheba...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 32 2Ch 32:1-20. Sennacherib Invades Judah. **1. After these things, and the establishment thereof--**that is, the restoration of the temple-worship. The precise date is given, 2Ki 18:13. Determined to recover the independence of his country, Hezekiah had decided to refuse to pay the tribute which his father had bound himself to pay to Assyria. **Sennacherib ... entered into Judah, an...
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Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai, Machnadebai: or, Mabnadebai, according to some copies

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Names in the Registry of Repentance</strong><br><br>This verse appears in the midst of a solemn registry cataloging men who had married foreign wives contrary to God's covenant commands. The three names listed—Machnadebai, Shashai, and Sharai—represent real individuals who faced the painful choice between their unlawful marriages and covenant faithfulness. The Hebrew text preserves these n...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-8. when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib ... was purposed to fight against Jerusalem--**An account of the means taken to fortify Jerusalem against the threatened siege is given only in this passage. The polluting or filling up of wells, and the altering of the course of rivers, is an old practice that still obtains in the wars of the East. Hezekiah's plan was to cover the fountain heads, so that ...
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Azareel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Azareel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah</strong>—עֲזַרְאֵל (<em>Azarel</em>, 'God has helped'), שֶׁלֶמְיָה (<em>Shelemyah</em>, 'Yahweh is peace/recompense'), שְׁמַרְיָה (<em>Shemaryah</em>, 'Yahweh guards/keeps'). These names appearing in a list of covenant-breakers creates tragic irony: men bearing names celebrating Yahweh's help, peace, and protection have violated covenant by marrying pagan ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-8. when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib ... was purposed to fight against Jerusalem--**An account of the means taken to fortify Jerusalem against the threatened siege is given only in this passage. The polluting or filling up of wells, and the altering of the course of rivers, is an old practice that still obtains in the wars of the East. Hezekiah's plan was to cover the fountain heads, so that ...
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Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph</strong>—שַׁלּוּם (<em>Shallum</em>, 'the rewarded one' or 'peaceful'), אֲמַרְיָה (<em>Amaryah</em>, 'Yahweh has said/promised'), יוֹסֵף (<em>Yosef</em>, 'he will add'—the patriarch Joseph's name). The continuation of the list maintains the pattern: brief enumeration without editorial comment, allowing the names themselves to testify. Joseph is particularly poi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-8. when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib ... was purposed to fight against Jerusalem--**An account of the means taken to fortify Jerusalem against the threatened siege is given only in this passage. The polluting or filling up of wells, and the altering of the course of rivers, is an old practice that still obtains in the wars of the East. Hezekiah's plan was to cover the fountain heads, so that ...
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Of the sons of Nebo; Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jadau, and Joel, Benaiah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of the sons of Nebo; Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jadau, and Joel, Benaiah</strong>—בְּנֵי נְבוֹ (<em>benei Nevo</em>, sons of Nebo) identifies a family clan. The irony of this clan name is striking: נְבוֹ (<em>Nevo</em>, Nebo) was the Babylonian deity of wisdom and writing (Isaiah 46:1), also Mount Nebo where Moses died viewing the Promised Land (Deuteronomy 34:1). Whether the clan n...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-8. when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib ... was purposed to fight against Jerusalem--**An account of the means taken to fortify Jerusalem against the threatened siege is given only in this passage. The polluting or filling up of wells, and the altering of the course of rivers, is an old practice that still obtains in the wars of the East. Hezekiah's plan was to cover the fountain heads, so that ...
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All these had taken strange wives: and some of them had wives by whom they had children.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All these had taken strange wives</strong>—כָּל־אֵלֶּה נָשְׂאוּ נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת (<em>kol-eleh nasu nashim nokriyyot</em>, all these had taken/married foreign/strange women). The נָשָׂא (take/marry) is the same verb used in marriage formulae throughout the OT (Genesis 4:19, 6:2, 11:29). The נָכְרִיּוֹת (foreign women) doesn't merely indicate ethnicity but religious affiliation—women who...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-8. when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib ... was purposed to fight against Jerusalem--**An account of the means taken to fortify Jerusalem against the threatened siege is given only in this passage. The polluting or filling up of wells, and the altering of the course of rivers, is an old practice that still obtains in the wars of the East. Hezekiah's plan was to cover the fountain heads, so that ...
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