King James Version

What Does Ezra 10:5 Mean?

Ezra 10:5 in the King James Version says “Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this... — study this verse from Ezra chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware.

Ezra 10:5 · KJV


Context

3

Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law. to put: Heb. to bring forth

4

Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it.

5

Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware.

6

Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away.

7

And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware. Ezra immediately acts on Shecaniah's call—"Then arose Ezra" (vayyaqom ezra) shows decisive response without hesitation or political calculation. He binds the leadership and people by oath (shava), creating solemn covenant obligation before God. This wasn't a democratic vote subject to reversal but sacred vow invoking divine witness.

The threefold designation—"chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel"—encompasses religious leadership and entire community. The Hebrew construction emphasizes comprehensiveness: nobody could claim exemption or ignorance. Public oath-taking made this corporate commitment with individual accountability. Each person became bound not just by Shecaniah's proposal but by their own sworn word before God.

The simple statement "And they sware" (vayyishave'u) carries weight because oath-breaking brought divine curse (Leviticus 19:12, Zechariah 5:3-4). This wasn't casual agreement but self-imprecation: "May God punish me if I don't fulfill this." Ezra secured commitment through the most binding mechanism available—sworn covenant before YHWH. This demonstrates how serious sin requires serious resolution backed by accountability structures.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Oath-taking in ancient Israel invoked God as witness and enforcer (Genesis 24:3, 1 Samuel 20:42). Breaking oaths brought divine judgment, making them more binding than modern legal contracts. The community understood that swearing "according to this word" meant committing to divorce foreign wives despite personal cost.

Ezra's requirement that leaders swear first follows biblical leadership patterns: those who govern must model obedience (2 Chronicles 29:10, Nehemiah 10:28-29). The priests and Levites bore special responsibility for teaching Torah (Malachi 2:7) and thus couldn't claim ignorance of the marriage prohibitions. Their oath meant some would divorce their own wives—leadership required personal sacrifice.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does requiring leaders to swear first demonstrate the principle that authority comes with greater accountability?
  2. What role should solemn vows and public commitments play in corporate repentance and reformation?
  3. How does the seriousness with which Israel treated oaths contrast with modern casual promise-making?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיָּ֣קָם1 of 13

Then arose

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

עֶזְרָ֡א2 of 13

Ezra

H5830

ezra, an israelite

וַיִּשָּׁבֵֽעוּ׃3 of 13

And they sware

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

אֶת4 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שָׂרֵי֩5 of 13

and made the chief

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֨ים6 of 13

priests

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

הַלְוִיִּ֜ם7 of 13

the Levites

H3881

a levite or descendant of levi

וְכָל8 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל9 of 13

and all Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

לַֽעֲשׂ֛וֹת10 of 13

that they should do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

כַּדָּבָ֥ר11 of 13

according to this word

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הַזֶּ֖ה12 of 13
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וַיִּשָּׁבֵֽעוּ׃13 of 13

And they sware

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezra. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezra 10:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezra 10:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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