King James Version

What Does Ezra 10:17 Mean?

Ezra 10:17 in the King James Version says “And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month. — study this verse from Ezra chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.

Ezra 10:17 · KJV


Context

15

Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. were: Heb. stood

16

And the children of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain chief of the fathers, after the house of their fathers, and all of them by their names, were separated, and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.

17

And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.

18

And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah.

19

And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month—the investigation concluded exactly three months after it began (Tebeth 1 to Nisan 1). The phrase vaykhalu (וַיְכַלּוּ, 'they finished') indicates completion, thoroughness. No cases were left unresolved or swept aside.

The timing is significant: Nisan 1 marked the religious new year and approached Passover (Nisan 14). Resolving the crisis before Passover allowed the community to celebrate redemption with renewed covenant purity. This echoes the original Passover requirement that participants be ceremonially clean (Exodus 12:43-49, Numbers 9:6-14).

The 113 guilty men (counted in vv. 18-44) represented about 2% of the 5,000+ returnees, suggesting most had maintained covenant faithfulness. Yet even this minority threatened corporate identity, requiring thorough action. The completion demonstrates that comprehensive reform, though painful, is achievable through diligent leadership and community commitment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The three-month timeline (December 29 to March 27, 458 BC) allowed careful investigation of each case. The list in verses 18-44 includes priests, Levites, singers, gatekeepers, and laypeople—showing covenant violation crossed social boundaries. Completing the process before Passover held theological significance: just as Israel left Egypt purified for covenant relationship, so the restored community purified itself for covenant renewal.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the thorough completion of all 113 cases teach about the importance of following through in church discipline?
  2. How does the timing before Passover demonstrate the connection between judgment, purification, and celebration?
  3. What encouragement does the 2% violation rate offer regarding the faithfulness of God's remnant even in difficult times?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיְכַלּ֣וּ1 of 11

And they made an end

H3615

to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)

בַכֹּ֔ל2 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲנָשִׁ֕ים3 of 11
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

הַֽהֹשִׁ֖יבוּ4 of 11

that had taken

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

נָשִׁ֣ים5 of 11

wives

H802

a woman

נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת6 of 11

strange

H5237

strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)

עַ֛ד7 of 11
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

י֥וֹם8 of 11

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

אֶחָ֖ד9 of 11

by the first

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ10 of 11

month

H2320

the new moon; by implication, a month

הָֽרִאשֽׁוֹן׃11 of 11

of the first

H7223

first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezra. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezra 10:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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