About Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy contains Moses' final addresses to Israel, restating the Law and calling the new generation to covenant faithfulness.

Author: MosesWritten: c. 1406 BCReading time: ~6 minVerses: 49
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King James Version

Deuteronomy 4

49 verses with commentary

Call to Obedience

Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you.

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KJV Study Commentary

Moses' exhortation 'Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments' calls for attentive obedience to God's law. The dual purpose—'that ye may live, and go in and possess the land'—links obedience with life and blessing. Obedience isn't legalism but the pathway to experiencing God's good purposes. The phrase 'which I teach you' establishes Moses as authoritative mediator ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

IV. (1) **Now therefore hearken.**—The whole point of the exhortation in this chapter is the same which we find in Joshua’s address to the people (Joshua 24), that they should serve Jehovah. And the ground of the exhortation is His revelation of Himself in Horeb as their God. **The statutes . . . and the judgments.**—Perhaps we should say “institutions and requirements” in modern language. For “ju...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 35 Nu 35:1-5. Eight and Forty Cities Given to the Levites. **2. give unto the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in--**As the Levites were to have no territorial domain allocated to them like the other tribes on the conquest of Canaan, they were to be distributed throughout the land in certain cities appropriated to their use; and these cities were to be surrou...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

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KJV Study Commentary

The prohibition 'Ye shall not add unto the word... neither shall ye diminish ought from it' establishes Scripture's sufficiency and authority. God's word needs neither human supplement nor editorial reduction—it is complete and perfect as given. This principle protects against both legalism (adding requirements) and liberalism (removing demands). Revelation 22:18-19 echoes this warning, showing it...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Ye shall not add unto the word.**—*The word, *not “the words.” The *word *is the substance of the Law. The *words *in which it is expressed may be more or less. The law of Moses contains in it the germ of all revelation to the very end.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Your eyes have seen what the LORD did because of Baalpeor: for all the men that followed Baalpeor, the LORD thy God hath destroyed them from among you.

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KJV Study Commentary

The reference to Baal-peor—'Your eyes have seen what the LORD did because of Baalpeor'—invokes recent judgment as warning. The contrast 'the LORD thy God hath destroyed them... from among you' versus those who 'clave unto the LORD your God are alive' emphasizes that faithfulness preserves life while idolatry brings death. Past judgment should inform present obedience—God's holiness and justice rem...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Your eyes have seen.**—Literally, *your eyes are they that see*—*i.e., *you are witnesses of these things. The men who perished by the plague because of the iniquity of Beth peor—to the number of 24,000—seem to have been all members of the younger generation; for they had already passed the brook Zered. (See on Deuteronomy 2:13.)

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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But ye that did cleave unto the LORD your God are alive every one of you this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

The declaration 'ye that did cleave unto the LORD your God are alive every one of you this day' celebrates covenant faithfulness's fruit. The word 'cleave' (Hebrew 'dabaq') implies passionate attachment and loyal devotion—the same word describing marriage (Genesis 2:24). Spiritual life flows from intimate union with God. The phrase 'alive... this day' emphasizes present reality—faithfulness yields...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it.

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KJV Study Commentary

Moses' claim 'I have taught you statutes and judgments' establishes the Mosaic law as divinely revealed, not human invention. The purpose clause 'even as the LORD my God commanded me' grounds all instruction in divine authority. This verse emphasizes that proper living in the land requires adherence to God's revealed will. From a Reformed perspective, this illustrates the regulative principle—God ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **That ye should do so in the land.**—It should never be forgotten that there is a special connection between *the law of Moses and the land of Canaan. *It cannot be kept in many of its precepts, except by a chosen people in a protected land.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Nu 35:6-8. Cities of Refuge. **6. there shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the manslayer--**The establishment of those privileged sanctuaries among the cities of the Levites is probably traceable to the idea, that they would be the most suitable and impartial judges--that their presence and counsels might calm or restrain the stormy passions of the blood avenger--and that,...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.

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KJV Study Commentary

Covenant obedience serves as evangelistic witness—'this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations.' The Hebrew 'chakhmah' (wisdom) and 'binah' (understanding) indicate not mere intellectual knowledge but practical righteousness reflecting divine character. God's law, when lived out, demonstrates His superiority over pagan religions and philosophies. This verse anticipates t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **This is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations.**—The laws of Jehovah in Israel, and the constant presence of Jehovah with Israel, would make an impression upon the world that it would not be easy to resist. For, he adds, “what nation is there so great, that hath God so nigh unto them?”

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for?

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KJV Study Commentary

God's proximity—'who hath God so nigh unto them'—distinguishes Israel from all nations. The Hebrew 'qarob' (near) indicates covenant intimacy, not merely spatial closeness. Pagan deities were distant, capricious, and unapproachable; Yahweh dwells among His people, responding to prayer. This anticipates the Reformed emphasis on covenant relationship through Christ's mediation. The phrase 'in all th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. the cities which ye shall give shall be of the possession of the children of Israel--**The burden of furnishing those places for the residence and support of the Levitical order was to fall in equitable proportions upon the different tribes (see Nu 33:54; Jos 20:7).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?

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KJV Study Commentary

The rhetorical question 'what nation is there so great' emphasizes Israel's unique privilege of possessing divinely revealed law. The phrase 'righteous statutes and judgments' (Hebrew 'tsaddiq'—just/righteous) indicates that God's law reflects His perfect moral character. Unlike arbitrary pagan codes, biblical law flows from divine nature. This verse establishes the theonomic principle that God's ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **What nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous?**—These words direct our attention to the law of Moses, as distinctly *in advance of the time *when it was given.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons' sons;

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KJV Study Commentary

The double command 'take heed...keep thy soul diligently' employs intensive Hebrew construction ('shamar...shamar me'od') demanding utmost vigilance. The warning against forgetting God's mighty acts addresses the human tendency toward spiritual amnesia. The command to 'teach them thy sons, and thy sons' sons' establishes transgenerational covenant responsibility. This verse articulates the Reforme...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Only take heed to thyself.**—The exhortation contained in the following verses lays special emphasis on one point—the worship of the invisible Jehovah without images. This more than anything else would tend to separate the religion of Israel from that of all other nations. **Teach them thy sons, and thy sons’ sons.**—A command which Israel evidently failed to obey. For a generation speedily ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Specially the day that thou stoodest before the LORD thy God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Specially the day that thou stoodest before the LORD thy God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children.</strong> This verse recalls the pivotal moment at Mount Horeb (Sinai) when Israel assembled to receive Go...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **The day that thou stoodest before the Lord thy God in Horeb.**—The Church of Israel dated from Sinai, as the Church of Christ does from Pentecost. It is noticeable that the giving of the Law appears to have taken place about fifty days after the Passover in Egypt. Jewish writers associate the Feast of Pentecost with the memory of the event. A similar association, and a contrast between the ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Nu 35:9-34. The Blood Avenger. **11. that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any person at unawares--**The practice of Goelism, that is, of the nearest relation of an individual who was killed being bound to demand satisfaction from the author of his death, existed from a very remote antiquity (Ge 4:14; 27:45). It seems to have been an established usage in the age of Moses; and although i...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness. midst: Heb. heart

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KJV Study Commentary

The Sinai theophany—'mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven'—reveals God's transcendent holiness and unapproachable glory. The triad 'darkness, clouds, and thick darkness' emphasizes divine mystery and hiddenness even in revelation. God reveals yet remains incomprehensible, known yet unknowable in fullness. This tension underlies Reformed epistemology—we know God truly through special ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Darkness, clouds, and thick darkness.**—The “blackness, and darkness, and tempest” of Hebrews 12:18.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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And the LORD spake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude; only ye heard a voice. only: Heb. save a voice

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KJV Study Commentary

God spoke 'out of the midst of the fire'—revelation without visible form. The emphasis 'ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude' establishes the foundation for the second commandment's prohibition of graven images. God reveals Himself through Word, not visual representation. This undergirds the Reformed regulative principle of worship and high view of Scripture. The 'voice' (Hebrew ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.

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KJV Study Commentary

God 'declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments.' The equation of covenant with Decalogue reveals that the Ten Commandments function as covenant stipulations, not arbitrary rules. The Hebrew 'berit' (covenant) binds God and people in legal relationship with mutual obligations. God's initiative ('he declared...he commanded') emphasizes divine sovereignt...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **His covenant . . . ten commandments.**—See on Deuteronomy 5. **He wrote them.**—See on Deuteronomy 10:2.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and judgments, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to possess it.

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KJV Study Commentary

God commanded Moses to 'teach you statutes and judgments' for life in the land—grounding Israel's entire civil and ceremonial code in divine authority. The purpose clause 'that ye might do them' emphasizes that law requires obedience, not merely intellectual assent. The geographical specificity ('in the land whither ye go') demonstrates that biblical law applies to concrete historical situations, ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Warning Against Idolatry

Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire:

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KJV Study Commentary

The command 'take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves' (Hebrew 'shamar me'od') demands utmost vigilance against idolatry. The reason—'ye saw no manner of similitude'—reiterates that God revealed Himself through Word, not form. Any attempt to represent God visually constitutes rebellion against His self-revelation. This verse grounds the second commandment in redemptive history—since God chose t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Ye saw no manner of similitude.**—The worship of the *invisible *Jehovah is here specially insisted on. The difficulty of learning to worship one whom we cannot see is, happily, one which our education does not enable us to realise in its relation to Israel of old. All nations had their visible symbols of deity. Centuries afterwards the world described the followers of Christ as *Atheists, ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, &amp;c.--**Various cases are here enumerated in which the Goel or avenger was at liberty to take the life of the murderer; and every one of them proves a premeditated purpose.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female,

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KJV Study Commentary

The warning 'lest ye corrupt yourselves' reveals that idolatry defiles and distorts covenant relationship. The Hebrew 'shachat' (corrupt) implies moral and spiritual ruin. Creating any 'graven image' or 'similitude' violates God's revealed will, reducing the transcendent Creator to created forms. 'Any figure' emphasizes the comprehensive prohibition—no representation whatsoever, whether male, fema...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **Lest ye corrupt . . . and make.**—The connection between idolatry and corruption is twofold. First, it changes “the glory of the *incorruptible God*” into an image of His corruptible creatures. Secondly, it always ends in corrupting the idolater. Man was made to have dominion over the works of God’s hands. He cannot *worship *anything in creation, which he was not intended to *rule. *He can...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, &amp;c.--**Various cases are here enumerated in which the Goel or avenger was at liberty to take the life of the murderer; and every one of them proves a premeditated purpose.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
Read full commentary →

The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air,

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KJV Study Commentary

The prohibition extends to animal representations—'beast...on the earth...fowl...air...creeping thing...ground.' This comprehensive list covers land animals, birds, and reptiles, addressing Egypt's zoomorphic gods and Canaan's nature worship. The three-tiered classification (beasts, fowl, creeping things) echoes Genesis 1 creation order, emphasizing that all creatures are made things, inappropriat...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, &amp;c.--**Various cases are here enumerated in which the Goel or avenger was at liberty to take the life of the murderer; and every one of them proves a premeditated purpose.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth:

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KJV Study Commentary

The prohibition includes aquatic creatures—'likeness of any fish that is in the waters.' This completes the comprehensive ban covering all creation realms: land, air, and sea, corresponding to Genesis 1 creation domains. No aspect of creation may represent the Creator. Ancient religions deified seas and water creatures (Dagon, Leviathan mythology), yet Scripture insists these are merely creatures ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, &amp;c.--**Various cases are here enumerated in which the Goel or avenger was at liberty to take the life of the murderer; and every one of them proves a premeditated purpose.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
Read full commentary →

And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven. divided: or, imparted

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KJV Study Commentary

The prohibition extends to celestial worship—'sun, moon, and stars.' The phrase 'be driven to worship them' acknowledges idolatry's seductive pull and humanity's natural inclination toward creature worship. These luminaries, 'which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations,' were created to serve humanity (Genesis 1:14-18), not to be worshiped. Astrolatry perverted God's good gifts into false...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **The sun, and the moon, and the stars.**—The purest worship of antiquity—that which we find among the Persians—hardly escaped this snare. **Which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations.**—The heavenly bodies could never be regarded as special protectors of any *one *nation. But Jehovah was pledged to be the God of Israel. This appears to be the argument of Deuteronomy 4:19-20.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, &amp;c.--**Various cases are here enumerated in which the Goel or avenger was at liberty to take the life of the murderer; and every one of them proves a premeditated purpose.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
Read full commentary →

But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

Israel's election is grounded in God's redemptive act—'brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt.' The 'iron furnace' metaphor depicts Egypt's cruel bondage and suffering, yet also God's refining purpose (cf. 1 Peter 1:6-7). The purpose clause 'to be unto him a people of inheritance' reveals divine election: God chose Israel not for inherent merit but to be His treasured possess...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, &amp;c.--**Various cases are here enumerated in which the Goel or avenger was at liberty to take the life of the murderer; and every one of them proves a premeditated purpose.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
Read full commentary →

Furthermore the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Furthermore the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over Jordan...</strong><br><br>Moses reveals the deeply personal cost of leadership: God's wrath fell upon him 'for your sakes' (<em>biglalkem</em>, בִּגְלַלְכֶם), meaning 'on your account' or 'because of you.' At Meribah, provoked by Israel's complaints, Moses struck the rock twice instead of speaking to...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21-23) **The Lord was angry with me for your sakes . . . I must die in this land . . . but ye shall go over . . . Take heed unto yourselves.**—The argument appears to be this: “I cannot go with you to warn you; therefore take the more heed when you are alone.” The same line of thought appears in St. Paul’s last appeal to Timothy: “Fulfil *thy ministry; *for *I am *now ready to be offered” (2Timot...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye shall go over, and possess that good land.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye shall go over, and possess that good land.</strong><br><br>The stark contrast between Moses' fate and Israel's future underscores a profound theological truth: God's purposes advance beyond any individual servant. The Hebrew construction emphasizes certainty—<em>anoki met</em> (אָנֹכִי מֵת, 'I am dying') and <em>eineni over</em...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God...</strong><br><br>The imperative <em>hishameru lakem</em> (הִשָּׁמְרוּ לָכֶם, 'take heed to yourselves') signals urgent self-examination. The verb <em>shamar</em> means to guard, watch, or keep vigilantly—covenant faithfulness requires active protection against spiritual drift. The danger is not dramatic apostasy ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 4 Chapter Outline Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry.(1-23) Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy.(24-40) Cities of refuge appointed.(41-49) **Verses 1-23** The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their nati...
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For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God.</strong><br><br>Two divine attributes ground Moses' warning: God is <em>esh okhelah</em> (אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה, 'consuming fire') and <em>El qanna</em> (אֵל קַנָּא, 'a jealous God'). Fire in Scripture represents both God's holiness that purifies and His wrath that destroys what opposes Him. At Sinai, Israel witnessed this fire firsthand...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **The Lord thy God is a consuming fire.**—The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews makes use of this in Deuteronomy 12:29, to enforce the lessons not of Sinai, but of Pentecost, and of the voice of “Him that speaketh from heaven*” *by the Spirit whom He has sent.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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When thou shalt beget children, and children's children, and ye shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When thou shalt beget children, and children's children, and ye shall have remained long in the land...</strong><br><br>Moses prophetically identifies the danger point: not the conquest generation but their comfortable descendants. The Hebrew <em>venoshantem</em> (וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּם, 'remained long' or 'grown old') suggests settled complacency—prosperity breeding spiritual amnesia. First-gener...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Shall have remained long.**—Literally, *shall slumber—*a very suggestive expression. Prosperity often sends true religion to sleep, and brings conventional, or fashionable, religion in its stead.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land...</strong><br><br>Moses employs the ancient Near Eastern covenant lawsuit formula, summoning <em>hashamayim veha'arets</em> (הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ, 'heaven and earth') as witnesses against Israel. Unlike human witnesses who die, creation endures as permanent testimony to covenant o...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen...</strong><br><br>The verb <em>vehephits</em> (וְהֵפִיץ, 'scatter') describes dispersion like seed thrown to the wind—Israel would lose territorial cohesion and national identity among the <em>goyim</em> (גּוֹיִם, 'nations/heathen'). The phrase 'few in number' (<em>metei mispar</em>, מְת...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **And the Lord shall scatter you.**—Our familiarity with this fact in history must not blind us to its force when uttered as a *prophecy. *The fact that the Jews were taken captive for idolatry, and dispersed for the rejection of JESUS, is a remarkable proof that the real reason why they were brought into Canaan, and kept there, was to be witnesses for Jehovah.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-28. But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, &amp;c.--**Under the excitement of a sudden provocation, or violent passion, an injury might be inflicted issuing in death; and for a person who had thus undesignedly committed slaughter, the Levitical cities offered the benefit of full protection. Once having reached the nearest, for one...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.</strong><br><br>Devastating irony pervades this judgment: Israel, who wanted to worship images like the nations, will be forced to do so in exile among the nations. The punishment fits the crime. The Hebrew <em>ma'aseh yedei adam</em> (מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אָדָם, 'work of men'...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men’s hands.**—That is, “you shall *be in bondage *to them,” being ruled by their worshippers. And so Rashi explains it. Captivity was the means of eradicating idolatry from Israel rather than encouraging it. But the cause of a people and its idols is so constantly identified in the Old Testament, that those who are in bondage to a nation may natur...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-34. these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations--**The law of the blood-avenger, as thus established by divine authority, was a vast improvement on the ancient practice of Goelism. By the appointment of cities of refuge, the manslayer was saved, in the meantime, from the blind and impetuous fury of vindictive relatives; but he might be tried by the loc...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul.</strong><br><br>After the storm of judgment comes the rainbow of hope. The conditional <em>uvikkashtem</em> (וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם, 'if you seek') introduces the possibility of restoration even from exile. The remarkable promise <em>umatsa'ta</em> (וּמָצָאתָ, 'thou ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-34. these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations--**The law of the blood-avenger, as thus established by divine authority, was a vast improvement on the ancient practice of Goelism. By the appointment of cities of refuge, the manslayer was saved, in the meantime, from the blind and impetuous fury of vindictive relatives; but he might be tried by the loc...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days, if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice; are: Heb. have found thee

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days...</strong><br><br>The Hebrew <em>batsar lekha</em> (בַּצַּר לְךָ, 'when tribulation comes upon you') acknowledges that suffering often precedes repentance. The phrase <em>be'acharit hayamim</em> (בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים, 'in the latter days') has both near and far horizons in prophetic usage—it re...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-34. these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations--**The law of the blood-avenger, as thus established by divine authority, was a vast improvement on the ancient practice of Goelism. By the appointment of cities of refuge, the manslayer was saved, in the meantime, from the blind and impetuous fury of vindictive relatives; but he might be tried by the loc...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them.</strong><br><br>Moses grounds Israel's hope not in their future faithfulness but in God's unchanging character. The parenthetical declaration <em>El rachum Yahweh Elohekha</em> (אֵל רַחוּם יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, 'the LORD thy God is a mercifu...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-34. these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations--**The law of the blood-avenger, as thus established by divine authority, was a vast improvement on the ancient practice of Goelism. By the appointment of cities of refuge, the manslayer was saved, in the meantime, from the blind and impetuous fury of vindictive relatives; but he might be tried by the loc...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and ask from the one side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth...</strong><br><br>Moses shifts from warning to wonder, challenging Israel to investigate all human history (<em>lemin hayom asher bara Elohim adam al ha'arets</em>, 'since the day God created man on the earth') and search the entire earth (<em>ulmiketseh hashamayim ve'ad ketseh...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **For ask now . . . whether there hath been any such thing.**-The same argument is afterwards employed by St. Paul (Romans 11:29) for the restoration of Israel: “for the gifts and calling of God are without repentance,” *i.e., irrevocable. *He did not go and take Him a nation out of the midst of another nation in order to abandon them at last. He never did so much in the way of personal and v...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-34. these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations--**The law of the blood-avenger, as thus established by divine authority, was a vast improvement on the ancient practice of Goelism. By the appointment of cities of refuge, the manslayer was saved, in the meantime, from the blind and impetuous fury of vindictive relatives; but he might be tried by the loc...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live?</strong><br><br>Moses poses the decisive question: <em>hashama am qol Elohim medabber mitokh ha'esh</em> (הֲשָׁמַע עָם קוֹל אֱלֹהִים מְדַבֵּר מִתּוֹךְ הָאֵשׁ, 'has any people heard the voice of God speaking from fire'). The combination of divine voice and consuming fire—and survival—c...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-34. these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations--**The law of the blood-avenger, as thus established by divine authority, was a vast improvement on the ancient practice of Goelism. By the appointment of cities of refuge, the manslayer was saved, in the meantime, from the blind and impetuous fury of vindictive relatives; but he might be tried by the loc...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched out arm, and by great terrors, according to all that the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by wonders...</strong><br><br>Moses catalogues seven ways God delivered Israel, each term highlighting a different aspect of divine power. <em>Bemassot</em> (בְּמַסֹּת, 'temptations/trials') refers to the testing of Egypt through plagues. <em>Be'otot</em> (בְּאֹתֹת, 'signs') and ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him.</strong><br><br>Moses states the purpose of Israel's extraordinary experience: <em>lada'at</em> (לָדַעַת, 'that you might know'). The Exodus and Sinai were not divine spectacle for its own sake but pedagogical revelation—God teaching Israel His identity. The verb <em>hor'eta</em> (הָרְא...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 36 Nu 36:1-13. The Inconvenience of the Inheritance. **1. the chief fathers of the families of the children of Gilead--**Being the tribal governors in Manasseh, they consulted Moses on a case that affected the public honor and interests of their tribe. It related once more to the daughters of Zelophehad. Formerly they had applied, at their own instance, to be recognized, for want of male ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee: and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee: and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire...</strong><br><br>Moses describes divine revelation through complementary modes: <em>min hashamayim</em> (מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם, 'from heaven') Israel heard God's voice; <em>al ha'arets</em> (עַל הָאָרֶץ, 'upon earth') they saw His fire. Heaven and earth unite in theophany—the...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt.</strong><br><br>Moses traces Israel's election to its source: <em>vetachat ki ahav et avotekha</em> (וְתַחַת כִּי אָהַב אֶת אֲבֹתֶיךָ, 'because he loved your fathers'). Divine love precedes human response; God's choice (<em>vayyivchar</em>, וַיִּ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(37) **Because he loved thy fathers.**—The reasons for God’s choice of Israel are frequently stated in this book; and they are always stated in such a way as to enforce the doctrine of God’s sovereignty, and to show the Israelites that their own merit was in no way the ground of God’s choice.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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To drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>To drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance...</strong><br><br>Moses articulates the purpose clause of verse 37: God loved, chose, and delivered Israel <em>lehorish</em> (לְהוֹרִישׁ, 'to dispossess/drive out') nations and <em>lahavi'akha</em> (לַהֲבִיאֲךָ, 'to bring you in') and <em>latet lekha</em> ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else.</strong><br><br>Moses moves from historical recitation to present application with <em>veyada'ta hayom</em> (וְיָדַעְתָּ הַיּוֹם, 'know today'). The command is immediate—not eventual understanding but present appropriation. The verb <em>vahashevo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(39) **Know therefore . . . and consider.**—“Consider,” *i.e., reckon *(the word for “impute” and “account” in St. Paul’s argument to the Romans). Do not indulge any polytheistic notions regarding the Deity. “To us there is but One God.” If every nation has its separate deity, how is it that Jehovah controls them all? His various dealings with Egyptians, Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Amorites, as...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon the earth, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee...</strong><br><br>Moses draws the practical conclusion (<em>veshamarta</em>, וְשָׁמַרְתָּ, 'you shall keep/guard') from the theological foundation: because Yahweh alone is God (vv. 35, 39), His <em>chuqqim</em> (חֻקָּיו, 'statutes') and <em>mitsvotav</em> (מִצְוֺתָיו,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 24-40** Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by t...
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Cities of Refuge East of the Jordan

Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan toward the sunrising ;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan toward the sunrising.</strong><br><br>The narrative shifts abruptly from exhortation to action. The verb <em>yavdil</em> (יַבְדִּל, 'severed/set apart') indicates formal consecration for a specific purpose. Moses does not merely designate but actively separates these cities for their sacred function. The phrase <em>mizrechah shamesh</em> ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

THE APPOINTMENT OF THREE CITIES OF REFUGE. (41) **Then Moses severed.**—The word “then” appears to be a note of time. It would seem that the appointment of the three cities of refuge on the eastern side of Jordan actually followed this discourse. **On this side Jordan.**—Heb., *b*’ ’*êber hay-yardên. *The expression is here defined by the words that follow, “toward the sun-rising,” and it need not...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares , and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past...</strong><br><br>Moses specifies the cities' purpose: refuge for the <em>rotseach</em> (רֹצֵחַ, 'manslayer') who kills <em>bivli da'at</em> (בִּבְלִי דַעַת, 'without knowledge/unintentionally'). Two conditions qualify for refuge: unintentional death and absence of prior hatred (<...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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Namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites.</strong><br><br>Moses names the three cities with geographical precision: <em>Betser</em> (בֶּצֶר, 'fortress/gold ore') for Reuben in the southern wilderness plateau; <em>Ramot</em> (רָאמֹת, 'heights') in Gilead for Gad in the central regio...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel.</strong><br><br>A new section begins with <em>vezo't haTorah</em> (וְזֹאת הַתּוֹרָה, 'and this is the law/instruction'). The Hebrew <em>Torah</em> encompasses more than legal code—it means instruction, teaching, guidance for life. Moses 'set' (<em>sam</em>, שָׂם) this Torah 'before' (<em>liphnei</em>, לִפְנֵי) Israel, prese...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

SECOND DISCOURSE. (44-49) These words form an introduction to the second discourse, which occupies the larger portion of the book—from Deuteronomy 5:1 to the end of Deuteronomy 26. There is no real break between. The present introduction differs from what we find in Deuteronomy 1:1. There is no intimation that *this portion *of Deuteronomy was a repetition of what had been delivered between Sinai ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, after they came forth out of Egypt,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, after they came forth out of Egypt.</strong><br><br>Moses identifies three categories of divine instruction: <em>edot</em> (עֵדֹת, 'testimonies') are declarations that bear witness to God's character and requirements; <em>chuqqim</em> (חֻקִּים, 'statutes') are fixed ordinances and...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Bethpeor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel smote, after they were come forth out of Egypt:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Beth-peor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites...</strong><br><br>Moses anchors the law's promulgation in specific geography: <em>be'ever haYarden</em> (בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, 'beyond the Jordan') in the valley (<em>bagay</em>, בַּגַּיְא) opposite Beth-peor. The name <em>Beit Pe'or</em> (בֵּית פְּעוֹר, 'house of Peor') recalls Israel's s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5-12. Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord--**The plea appeared just and reasonable; and, accordingly an enactment was made by which the daughters of Zelophehad, while left to the free choice of their husbands, were restricted to marry not only within their own tribe, but within the family of their father's tribe--that is, one of their cousins. This restrictio...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan toward the sunrising ;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan toward the sunrising.</strong><br><br>Moses summarizes trans-Jordan conquest: Israel possessed (<em>vayyireshu</em>, וַיִּירְשׁוּ) the territories of both Sihon and Og, <em>shenei malkhei ha'Emori</em> (שְׁנֵי מַלְכֵי הָאֱמֹרִי, 'two kings of the Amorites'). The verb <e...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. These are the commandments and the judgments, which the Lord commanded by the hand of Moses unto the children of Israel in the plains of Moab--**The Israelitish encampment was on an extensive plateau north of the Arnon, which, though wrested from the Moabites by Sihon and Og, still retained the name of its original possessors. The particular site, as indicated by the words "Jordan near Jeric...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon.</strong><br><br>Moses traces the north-south extent of conquered territory. <em>Me'Aro'er</em> (מֵעֲרֹעֵר) in the south, perched on the Arnon gorge's edge, marked the boundary with Moab. <em>Har Si'on</em> (הַר שִׂיאֹן, 'Mount Sion/Sirion')—identified as Hermon—towers in the north, its snow-capped p...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.</strong><br><br>Moses completes the territorial description: <em>vekhol ha'Aravah</em> (וְכֹל הָעֲרָבָה, 'and all the Arabah/plain') encompasses the Jordan Rift Valley extending southward. The <em>yam ha'Aravah</em> (יָם הָעֲרָבָה, 'sea of the plain') is the Dead Sea, also called th...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 41-49** Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. T...
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