King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 4:23 Mean?

Deuteronomy 4:23 in the King James Version says “Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a grav... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee.

Deuteronomy 4:23 · KJV


Context

21

Furthermore the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance:

22

But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye shall go over, and possess that good land.

23

Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee.

24

For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God.

25

When thou shalt beget children, and children's children, and ye shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God...

The imperative hishameru lakem (הִשָּׁמְרוּ לָכֶם, 'take heed to yourselves') signals urgent self-examination. The verb shamar means to guard, watch, or keep vigilantly—covenant faithfulness requires active protection against spiritual drift. The danger is not dramatic apostasy but gradual forgetting (tishkechu, תִּשְׁכְּחוּ), the slow erosion of covenantal memory that makes idolatry seem reasonable.

Moses connects forgetting the covenant directly to making graven images (pesel, פֶּסֶל). The progression is instructive: spiritual amnesia precedes visible idolatry. When believers forget God's past faithfulness and covenant promises, they inevitably seek security and satisfaction in tangible substitutes. The phrase 'which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee' (asher tsivveka) emphasizes that idolatry is not merely unwise but explicitly prohibited—a violation of revealed divine command.

The second commandment (Exodus 20:4-5) forbids any 'likeness of any thing' (temunat kol), anticipating the human tendency to domesticate the transcendent God into manageable forms. This warning remains relevant: modern idols may not be carved from wood, but any created thing elevated to ultimate concern functions as a graven image, competing with God for the heart's allegiance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Moses warns the generation born in the wilderness against repeating their parents' covenant failures. The Horeb covenant (another name for Sinai) was made 40 years earlier, but this new generation must embrace it personally. With Canaanite idolatry awaiting them across the Jordan, Moses emphasizes covenant faithfulness as essential for survival in the Promised Land.

Reflection Questions

  1. What spiritual disciplines help you 'take heed' against forgetting God's covenant faithfulness in your own life?
  2. How do modern forms of idolatry—career, relationships, comfort, security—function similarly to ancient graven images in competing for ultimate allegiance?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
הִשָּֽׁמְר֣וּ1 of 20

Take heed

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

לָכֶ֗ם2 of 20
H0
פֶּֽן3 of 20
H6435

properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest

תִּשְׁכְּחוּ֙4 of 20

unto yourselves lest ye forget

H7911

to mislay, i.e., to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention

אֶת5 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בְּרִ֤ית6 of 20

the covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

יְהוָ֥ה7 of 20

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃8 of 20

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֲשֶׁ֥ר9 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

כָּרַ֖ת10 of 20

which he made

H3772

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt

עִמָּכֶ֑ם11 of 20
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם12 of 20

with you and make

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לָכֶ֥ם13 of 20
H0
פֶּ֙סֶל֙14 of 20

you a graven image

H6459

an idol

תְּמ֣וּנַת15 of 20

or the likeness

H8544

something portioned (i.e., fashioned) out, as a shape, i.e., (indefinitely) phantom, or (specifically) embodiment, or (figuratively) manifestation (of

כֹּ֔ל16 of 20

of any

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר17 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוְּךָ֖18 of 20

hath forbidden

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָ֥ה19 of 20

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃20 of 20

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 4:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 4:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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