King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 4:18 Mean?

Deuteronomy 4:18 in the King James Version says “The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth: — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth:

Deuteronomy 4:18 · KJV


Context

16

Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female,

17

The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air,

18

The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth:

19

And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven. divided: or, imparted

20

But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The prohibition includes aquatic creatures—'likeness of any fish that is in the waters.' This completes the comprehensive ban covering all creation realms: land, air, and sea, corresponding to Genesis 1 creation domains. No aspect of creation may represent the Creator. Ancient religions deified seas and water creatures (Dagon, Leviathan mythology), yet Scripture insists these are merely creatures under God's sovereign control (Psalm 104:25-26). The exhaustive prohibition underscores God's transcendent otherness—He is categorically different from all created things.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Philistine religion centered on Dagon, depicted with human upper body and fish tail (1 Samuel 5:1-5). Mesopotamian creation myths featured Tiamat, the chaos sea-monster goddess. Canaanite religion included Yam, sea deity opposing Baal. Israel's coastal neighbors worshiped marine deities, making fish idolatry a constant temptation. God's absolute prohibition established that He alone controls seas and sea creatures, all of which serve His sovereign purposes.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the comprehensive nature of this prohibition (land, air, sea) emphasize God's absolute transcendence over all creation?
  2. What does the prohibition of sea creature imagery teach about God's sovereignty over realms that ancient cultures considered chaotic and divine?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
תַּבְנִ֛ית1 of 11

The likeness

H8403

structure; by implication, a model, resemblance

כָּל2 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

רֹמֵ֖שׂ3 of 11

of any thing that creepeth

H7430

properly, to glide swiftly, i.e., to crawl or move with short steps; by analogy to swarm

בָּֽאֲדָמָ֑ה4 of 11

on the ground

H127

soil (from its general redness)

תַּבְנִ֛ית5 of 11

The likeness

H8403

structure; by implication, a model, resemblance

כָּל6 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

דָּגָ֥ה7 of 11

of any fish

H1710

fish

אֲשֶׁר8 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

בַּמַּ֖יִם9 of 11

that is in the waters

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

מִתַּ֥חַת10 of 11

beneath

H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

לָאָֽרֶץ׃11 of 11

the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 4:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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