About 1 Samuel

1 Samuel records the transition from judges to monarchy, including Samuel's ministry, Saul's rise and fall, and David's anointing.

Author: Samuel, Nathan, GadWritten: c. 1050-900 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 27
TransitionKingshipObedienceRejectionGod's SovereigntyHeart

King James Version

1 Samuel 9

27 verses with commentary

Saul Seeks His Father's Donkeys

Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjamite, a mighty man of power. a Benjamite: or, the son of a man of Jemini power: or, substance

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjamite, a mighty man of power.</strong><br><br>The narrative shifts dramatically from Samuel's prophetic ministry to introduce Saul's lineage with careful genealogical precision. The Hebrew phrase <em>gibbor chayil</em> ('mighty man of power') describes Ki...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **Saul.**—The inspired compiler of these books—having related the circumstances which accompanied the people’s request to the last of the judges for a king—closed the first part of the story of this momentous change in the fortunes of the chosen people with the words of the prophet-judge, bidding the representative elders to return to their homes, and wait the result of his solemn communing wi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ru 1:19-22. They Come to Beth-lehem. **19-22. all the city was moved about them--**The present condition of Naomi, a forlorn and desolate widow, presented so painful a contrast to the flourishing state of prosperity and domestic bliss in which she had been at her departure.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people.</strong><br><br>Scripture introduces Saul with striking emphasis on his physical appearance, using the Hebrew <em>bachur</em> ('choice young man') and <em>tov</em> ('goodly' or ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **A choice young man, and a goodly.**—The Hebrew word which is rendered in English by “a choice young man” cannot signify both these epithets. The translators were probably influenced by the Vulg. (Latin) Version, which translates the Hebrew word by *electus, *“chosen, or choice,” the more common signification of the Hebrew word being avoided, owing to the fact that at this time Saul appears *...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost. And Kish said to Saul his son, Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go seek the asses.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost. And Kish said to Saul his son, Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go seek the asses.</strong><br><br>Divine providence often works through mundane circumstances, and here lost donkeys become the catalyst for Israel's monarchical transformation. The Hebrew <em>athonoth</em> (female donkeys) were valuable property, used for trans...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And he passed through mount Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalisha, but they found them not: then they passed through the land of Shalim, and there they were not: and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he passed through mount Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalisha, but they found them not: then they passed through the land of Shalim, and there they were not: and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not.</strong><br><br>The repetitive structure of this verse, with its threefold 'they found them not,' creates a deliberate sense of futility and div...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **And he passed through mount Ephraim.** The chain of the mountains of Ephraim ran southward into the territory of Benjamin, where were situated the patrimonial possessions of Saul’s house. **And passed through the land of Shalisha.**—Or land “of the Three;” so called because three valleys there united in one, or one divided into three. It is believed to be the region in which Baal-shalisha la...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 2 Ru 2:1-3. Ruth Gleans in the Field of Boaz. **2. Ruth ... said unto Naomi, Let me now go to the field, and glean--**The right of gleaning was conferred by a positive law on the widow, the poor, and the stranger (see on Le 19:9 and De 24:19). But liberty to glean behind the reapers [Ru 2:3] was not a right that could be claimed; it was a privilege granted or refused according to the good...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And when they were come to the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant that was with him, Come, and let us return; lest my father leave caring for the asses, and take thought for us.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when they were come to the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant that was with him, Come, and let us return; lest my father leave caring for the asses, and take thought for us.</strong><br><br>Saul's words reveal a son's concern for his father's anxiety, showing filial piety that was highly valued in Israelite culture. The land of Zuph holds special significance as the ancestral terri...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **The land of Zuph.**—This was believed to be in the south-west of Benjamin. **Lest my father . . . take thought for us.**—“Saul’s tender regard for his father’s feelings here is a favourable indication of character.”—*Dr. Kitto.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. her hap was to light on a part of the field belonging unto Boaz--**Fields in Palestine being unenclosed, the phrase signifies that portion of the open ground which lay within the landmarks of Boaz.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And he said unto him, Behold now, there is in this city a man of God, and he is an honourable man; all that he saith cometh surely to pass: now let us go thither; peradventure he can shew us our way that we should go.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto him, Behold now, there is in this city a man of God, and he is an honourable man; all that he saith cometh surely to pass: now let us go thither; peradventure he can shew us our way that we should go.</strong><br><br>The unnamed servant emerges as an instrument of providence, possessing knowledge that redirects their journey. His description of Samuel employs two significa...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **A man of God.**—When Saul determined to give up the search for his father’s asses, he was in the neigh. bourhood of the city of Samuel the seer—“Raman of the Watchers.” The servant points out to him the tower of the then famous residence of the seer and judge, Samuel. “Will you not ask him,” suggests the servant, “about the missing beasts?”—the young countryman, in the simplicity of his hear...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ru 2:4-23. He Takes Knowledge of Her, and Shows Her Favor. **4. Boaz came from Beth-lehem, and said unto the reapers, The Lord be with you--**This pious salutation between the master and his laborers strongly indicates the state of religious feeling among the rural population of Israel at that time, as well as the artless, happy, and unsuspecting simplicity which characterized the manners of the ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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Then said Saul to his servant, But, behold, if we go, what shall we bring the man? for the bread is spent in our vessels, and there is not a present to bring to the man of God: what have we? is spent: Heb. is gone out of, etc have we: Heb. is with us?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said Saul to his servant, But, behold, if we go, what shall we bring the man? for the bread is spent in our vessels, and there is not a present to bring to the man of God: what have we?</strong><br><br>Saul's response reveals cultural sensitivity and proper etiquette: one did not approach a prophet empty-handed. His concern about having no gift (<em>teshurah</em>, a present given to s...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **What shall we bring?**—It would seem at first strange that one like Samuel should be approached by presents, but the custom of offering gifts was in many cases an act of respectful homage to a superior rather than a mere fee. Compare, for instance, the many detailed accounts of presents offered and accepted, chronicled in the varied sacred records—such as the little present of spicery, &c, s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. his servant that was set over the reapers--**an overseer whose special duty was to superintend the operations in the field, to supply provision to the reapers, and pay them for their labor in the evening.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And the servant answered Saul again, and said, Behold, I have here at hand the fourth part of a shekel of silver: that will I give to the man of God, to tell us our way. I have: Heb. there is found in my hand

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the servant answered Saul again, and said, Behold, I have here at hand the fourth part of a shekel of silver: that will I give to the man of God, to tell us our way.</strong><br><br>The servant's initiative in providing the quarter-shekel demonstrates both resourcefulness and providential supply. This small amount, roughly 2.8 grams of silver, was modest yet sufficient for their purpos...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **The fourth part of a shekel of silver.**—“Probably this shekel of silver was roughly stamped, and divided into four quarters by a cross, and broken when needed. What was its proportionate value in Samuel’s days we cannot tell, for silver then was rare.”—*Dean Payne Smith.*

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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(Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to enquire of God, thus he spake, Come, and let us go to the seer: for he that is now called a Prophet was beforetime called a Seer.)

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>(Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to enquire of God, thus he spake, Come, and let us go to the seer: for he that is now called a Prophet was beforetime called a Seer.)</strong><br><br>This parenthetical editorial note provides crucial linguistic and historical context, indicating the book's composition occurred after significant time had passed since the events described. The distinct...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Beforetime in Israel.**—This verse was evidently inserted in the original book of memoirs of the days of Samuel by a later hand. Three special words are found in the Divine writings for the inspired messengers or interpreters of the Eternal wilt; of these, the title seer (*roeh*) was the most ancient. It is the title, evidently, by which Samuel in his lifetime was generally known. “Is the se...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. she said ... Let me glean and gather after the reapers among the sheaves--**Various modes of reaping are practised in the East. Where the crop is thin and short, it is plucked up by the roots. Sometimes it is cut with the sickle. Whether reaped in the one way or the other, the grain is cast into sheaves loosely thrown together, to be subjected to the process of threshing, which takes place, f...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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Then said Saul to his servant, Well said; come, let us go. So they went unto the city where the man of God was. Well said: Heb. Thy word is good

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said Saul to his servant, Well said; come, let us go. So they went unto the city where the man of God was.</strong><br><br>Saul's approval of the servant's suggestion, 'Well said' (<em>tov debareka</em>, literally 'good is your word'), demonstrates his capacity to receive counsel, a quality that would later diminish as pride corroded his character. The phrase marks a decisive turning ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Unto the city.**—The name of the city where Samuel and Saul first met in this strange way is not given. Still, the impression which the narrative leaves on the mind is that it was Samuel’s usual residence—“Ramah.” We know Samuel had built an altar to the Lord at Ramah (1Samuel 7:17); on the day of Saul’s arrival there was a great sacrifice taking place on the altar of the high place of the ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8-9. said Boaz unto Ruth, ... bide here fast by my maidens--**The reaping was performed by women while the assortment of sheaves was the duty of men-servants. The same division of harvest labor obtains in Syria still. Boaz not only granted to Ruth the full privilege of gleaning after his reapers, but provided for her personal comfort.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 9 Chapter Outline Saul is brought to Samuel.(1-10) Samuel told concerning Saul.(11-17) Samuel's treatment of Saul.(18-27) **Verses 1-10** Saul readily went to seek his father's asses. His obedience to his father was praise-worthy. His servant proposed, that since they were now at Ramah, they should call on Samuel, and take his advice. Wherever we are, we should use ou...
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And as they went up the hill to the city, they found young maidens going out to draw water, and said unto them, Is the seer here? the hill: Heb. in the ascent of the city

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And as they went up the hill to the city, they found young maidens going out to draw water, and said unto them, Is the seer here?</strong><br><br>The encounter with young women drawing water follows a biblical pattern of significant meetings at wells, though here the element is subtle rather than romantic (cf. Genesis 24; 29; Exodus 2). Their 'going up' (<em>olim</em>) to the city built on...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8-9. said Boaz unto Ruth, ... bide here fast by my maidens--**The reaping was performed by women while the assortment of sheaves was the duty of men-servants. The same division of harvest labor obtains in Syria still. Boaz not only granted to Ruth the full privilege of gleaning after his reapers, but provided for her personal comfort.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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And they answered them, and said, He is; behold, he is before you: make haste now, for he came to day to the city; for there is a sacrifice of the people to day in the high place: sacrifice: or, feast

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they answered them, and said, He is; behold, he is before you: make haste now, for he came to day to the city; for there is a sacrifice of the people to day in the high place:</strong><br><br>The maidens' response overflows with urgency and detailed information, far exceeding what Saul's simple question required. Their emphatic 'He is; behold, he is before you' confirms Samuel's presen...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **He came to-day.**—The little scene—in itself in no way remarkable—is recounted by an eye-witness, evidently as introducing momentous consequences. Every detail of that day’s proceedings was of deep interest to Israel. Some of the maidens of Raman were at the well side, drawing water for their homes. The two strangers accost them with the words, “Is the seer who dwells among you here just no...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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As soon as ye be come into the city, ye shall straightway find him, before he go up to the high place to eat: for the people will not eat until he come, because he doth bless the sacrifice; and afterwards they eat that be bidden. Now therefore get you up; for about this time ye shall find him. this time: Heb. to day

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>As soon as ye be come into the city, ye shall straightway find him, before he go up to the high place to eat: for the people will not eat until he come, because he doth bless the sacrifice; and afterwards they eat that be bidden. Now therefore get you up; for about this time ye shall find him.</strong><br><br>The maidens provide remarkably precise instructions, revealing both Samuel's cent...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **He doth bless the sacrifice.**—It has been well remarked that we have here, in this note of the people’s conduct at the sacrificial banquet of “Raman of the Watchers,” a very early instance of the devout practice among the Hebrews of asking a blessing on meals.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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And they went up into the city: and when they were come into the city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high place.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they went up into the city: and when they were come into the city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high place.</strong><br><br>The moment of encounter arrives with cinematic precision: as Saul enters the city, Samuel exits toward the high place, their paths converging in the gate. The Hebrew <em>hinneh</em> ('behold') signals narrative climax, calling readers ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Behold, Samuel came out against them.**—“Saul comes before Samuel, bashfully pursuing his humble quest, in apparent unconsciousness of the power slumbering within him of aspiring and attaining to the highest place; the great seer receives him in a way quite different from all that he could have hoped or feared. At the moment of their meeting the seer has come forth from his house on the way...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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Saul Meets Samuel

Now the LORD had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying, told: Heb. revealed the ear of Samuel

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now the LORD had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying,</strong><br><br>The narrative now pulls back the curtain to reveal divine activity behind the human drama. The Hebrew phrase <em>galah et-ozen</em> ('uncovered his ear' or 'revealed to his ear') denotes intimate, confidential communication, suggesting God speaking directly into Samuel's consciousness. The timing, 'a da...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Had told Samuel in his ear.**—Literally, *had uncovered the ear of Samuel. *The image is taken from the action of pushing aside the head-dress, in order the more conveniently to whisper some words to the ear. This is one of the few more direct intimations in the sacred records of one of the ways in which the Spirit of God communicated Divine thoughts to the human spirit. Here the Eternal Sp...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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To morrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him to be captain over my people Israel, that he may save my people out of the hand of the Philistines: for I have looked upon my people, because their cry is come unto me.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>To morrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him to be captain over my people Israel, that he may save my people out of the hand of the Philistines: for I have looked upon my people, because their cry is come unto me.</strong><br><br>God's words to Samuel echo the Exodus pattern, where the LORD 'looked upon' Israel's affliction and hea...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **The Philistines.**—This statement evidently points to the fact—of which, a little later, we have such ample evidence—that at this juncture the Philistines were again harassing the Israelite territory with their destructive raids. The power of the Philistines was broken, but by no means destroyed, in the great battle of Mizpeh. We know that all through King Saul’s reign, and in the early day...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. he reached her parched corn, and she did eat, and was sufficed, and left--**some of the new grain, roasted on the spot, and fit for use after being rubbed in the hands--a favorite viand in the East. He gave her so much, that after satisfying her own wants, she had some (Ru 2:18) in reserve for her mother-in-law.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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And when Samuel saw Saul, the LORD said unto him, Behold the man whom I spake to thee of! this same shall reign over my people. reign over: Heb. restrain in

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when Samuel saw Saul, the LORD said unto him, Behold the man whom I spake to thee of! this same shall reign over my people.</strong><br><br>The divine voice interrupts the visual moment, confirming Saul's identity to Samuel with emphatic certainty: 'Behold the man!' (<em>hinneh ha'ish</em>). This direct divine communication while Samuel looked upon Saul demonstrates the prophetic gift ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Behold the man.**—This verse, it must be remembered, follows closely on 1Samuel 9:14, the statements of 1Samuel 9:15-16 being parenthetical. The young Saul and his servant came up to accost the seer on his way to the sacred height; Samuel, at once impressed by the great stature and splendid beauty of the stranger coming towards him, asks his Master silently, “Lord, is this then he of whom T...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 11-17** The very maid-servants of the city could direct to the prophet. They had heard of the sacrifice, and could tell of the necessity for Samuel's presence. It is no small benefit to live in religious and holy places. And we should always be ready to help those who are seeking after God's prophets. Though God had, in displeasure, granted Israel's request for a king, yet he sends th...
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Then Saul drew near to Samuel in the gate, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, where the seer's house is.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Saul drew near to Samuel in the gate, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, where the seer's house is.</strong><br><br>Dramatic irony pervades this verse: Saul asks Samuel about Samuel's own location, unaware that he is speaking to the very prophet he seeks. His polite request, 'Tell me, I pray thee' (<em>haggidah-na li</em>), shows proper deference to a stranger. The setting in 'the gate' ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **In the gate.**—The LXX. (Greek Version) here reads, “in the midst of the city.” It is not improbable that this is the original reading, it being very possible for a scribe to write the Hebrew word “gate” for “city.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her--**The gleaners in the East glean with much success; for a great quantity of corn is scattered in the reaping, as well as in their manner of carrying it. One may judge, then, of the large quantity which Ruth would gather in consequence of the liberal orders given to the servants. These extraordinary marks of favor were not only given from...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And Samuel answered Saul, and said, I am the seer: go up before me unto the high place; for ye shall eat with me to day, and to morrow I will let thee go, and will tell thee all that is in thine heart.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Samuel answered Saul, and said, I am the seer: go up before me unto the high place; for ye shall eat with me to day, and to morrow I will let thee go, and will tell thee all that is in thine heart.</strong><br><br>Samuel's self-identification, 'I am the seer' (<em>anoki haro'eh</em>), initiates the revelation that will transform Saul's life. The command to 'go up before me' inverts nor...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Go up before me unto the high place.**—The desiring the young stranger to precede him to the public place of sacrifice was a sign of distinguished honour from one of Samuel’s rank to a young unknown wayfarer like Saul. These words of courteous respect were addressed to Saul alone: “Go thou up before me.” The prophet-judge then speaks to the two, Saul and his servant: “ye shall eat.” The ver...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. and beat out that she had gleaned--**When the quantity of grain was small, it was beat out by means of a stick. **an ephah--**supposed to contain about a bushel.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And as for thine asses that were lost three days ago, set not thy mind on them; for they are found. And on whom is all the desire of Israel? Is it not on thee, and on all thy father's house? three: Heb. to day three days

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And as for thine asses that were lost three days ago, set not thy mind on them; for they are found. And on whom is all the desire of Israel? Is it not on thee, and on all thy father's house?</strong><br><br>Samuel addresses Saul's immediate concern with almost casual dismissal: the donkeys, three days lost, are found. The Hebrew <em>al-tashem libka</em> ('set not thy mind' or 'do not set y...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And Saul answered and said, Am not I a Benjamite, of the smallest of the tribes of Israel? and my family the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? wherefore then speakest thou so to me? so: Heb. according to this word

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Saul answered and said, Am not I a Benjamite, of the smallest of the tribes of Israel? and my family the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? wherefore then speakest thou so to me?</strong><br><br>Saul's response reveals either genuine humility or strategic self-deprecation, possibly both. His rhetorical questions emphasize dual lowliness: Benjamin was the smallest tribe...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And Samuel took Saul and his servant, and brought them into the parlour, and made them sit in the chiefest place among them that were bidden, which were about thirty persons.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Samuel took Saul and his servant, and brought them into the parlour, and made them sit in the chiefest place among them that were bidden, which were about thirty persons.</strong><br><br>Samuel's actions speak louder than words as he physically elevates Saul and even his servant to the 'chiefest place' (<em>rosh</em>, literally 'head') among the thirty invited guests. This public honor...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **And Samuel took Saul.**—The seer gave Saul no answer to this question, in which the young man’s wonderment was expressed that one so insignificant should be chosen for so high a destiny. Samuel merely wished, in the first instance, to awaken new and grander thoughts and aspirations in this young heart, and without reply he proceeded to conduct his guests to the scene of the sacrifice on the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. the man is ... one of our next kinsmen--**Hebrew, "one of our redeemers," on whom it devolves to protect us, to purchase our lands, and marry you, the widow of his next kinsman. She said, "one of them," not that there were many in the same close relationship, but that he was a very near kinsman, one other individual only having the precedence.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And Samuel said unto the cook, Bring the portion which I gave thee, of which I said unto thee, Set it by thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Samuel said unto the cook, Bring the portion which I gave thee, of which I said unto thee, Set it by thee.</strong><br><br>Samuel's prior instruction to the cook reveals the depth of his prophetic preparation. Before Saul arrived, before Samuel even knew specifically who would come, he had reserved a special portion (<em>manah</em>). This detail emphasizes that nothing in this encounte...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **And Samuel said unto the cook.**—The meaning of this statement is simply this—all that took place in the meeting of the prophet and Saul at the sacrificial feast, and subsequently in Samuel’s house, was arranged for beforehand; every event was foreseen and provided for, even the trivial details—all was symbolical in this preparation for the great change in the constitution of Israel, which,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. all my harvest--**both barley and wheat harvests. The latter was at the end of May or the beginning of June.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And the cook took up the shoulder, and that which was upon it, and set it before Saul. And Samuel said, Behold that which is left! set it before thee, and eat: for unto this time hath it been kept for thee since I said, I have invited the people. So Saul did eat with Samuel that day. left: or, reserved

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the cook took up the shoulder, and that which was upon it, and set it before Saul. And Samuel said, Behold that which is left! set it before thee, and eat: for unto this time hath it been kept for thee since I said, I have invited the people. So Saul did eat with Samuel that day.</strong><br><br>The shoulder (<em>shoq</em>) was the priestly portion according to Levitical law (Leviticus...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **And Samuel said.**—There is an error here in the English translation which requires correction. Although the matter is not one of great moment, yet it is important and deeply interesting to notice the little details that the inspired historian has thought it right to preserve in connection with this whole transaction. There was, no doubt, a very early and authentic tradition of the circumst...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. Naomi said unto Ruth ... It is good ... that thou go out with his maidens--**a prudent recommendation to Ruth to accept the generous invitation of Boaz, lest, if she were seen straying into other fields, she might not only run the risk of rude treatment, but displease him by seeming indifferent to his kind liberality. Moreover, the observant mind of the old matron had already discerned, in a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And when they were come down from the high place into the city, Samuel communed with Saul upon the top of the house.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when they were come down from the high place into the city, Samuel communed with Saul upon the top of the house.</strong><br><br>After the public feast, Samuel seeks private conversation with Saul on the rooftop, a typical setting for confidential discourse in ancient Israel. The Hebrew <em>vayedabber</em> ('communed' or 'spoke') suggests extended, meaningful conversation rather than b...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **And when they were come down.**—After the public sacrificial meal at which such signal honours had been shown to the Benjamite stranger and his servant, the prophet-judge detained Saul from continuing his journey homewards, and persuaded him to remain as his guest that night at Ramah. He conducted him to the flat roof of his house, often the favourite locality in the East for quiet conversa...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And they arose early: and it came to pass about the spring of the day, that Samuel called Saul to the top of the house, saying, Up, that I may send thee away. And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they arose early: and it came to pass about the spring of the day, that Samuel called Saul to the top of the house, saying, Up, that I may send thee away. And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad.</strong><br><br>The early rising 'about the spring of the day' (<em>alot hashachar</em>, the dawning or ascending of dawn) carries symbolic resonance: as a new da...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **And they arose early.**—The English translation of this verse is misleading. It should run thus “And they arose early, namely, when the morning dawned. Samuel called for Saul upon the roof, Get up, that I may send thee, &c.” The English rendering seems to suppose that they rose first, and afterwards, about the spring of the day (the morning dawn), Samuel called Saul—the fact being that, as ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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And as they were going down to the end of the city, Samuel said to Saul, Bid the servant pass on before us, (and he passed on,) but stand thou still a while, that I may shew thee the word of God. a while: Heb. to day

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And as they were going down to the end of the city, Samuel said to Saul, Bid the servant pass on before us, (and he passed on,) but stand thou still a while, that I may shew thee the word of God.</strong><br><br>The chapter concludes with pregnant anticipation as Samuel prepares to reveal 'the word of God' (<em>davar Elohim</em>) to Saul. The dismissal of the servant ensures privacy for wh...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **That I may shew thee the word of God.**—The wonderment of Saul at the strange honour and distinction shown to him, a comparatively unknown Benjamite, by the famous prophet-judge, was, no doubt, increased by this proposal of Samuel to accompany him a little way on his journey homeward. The meaning of all that had happened to him on the day before was, however, now to be revealed: the graciou...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-27** Samuel, that good prophet, was so far from envying Saul, or bearing him any ill-will, that he was the first and most forward to do him honour. Both that evening and early the next morning, Samuel communed with Saul upon the flat roof of the house. We may suppose Samuel now convinced Saul that he was the person God had fixed upon for the government, and of his own willingness t...
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