King James Version

What Does Psalms 59:5 Mean?

Psalms 59:5 in the King James Version says “Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked tr... — study this verse from Psalms chapter 59 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah.

Psalms 59:5 · KJV


Context

3

For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD.

4

They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold. help: Heb. meet

5

Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah.

6

They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.

7

Behold, they belch out with their mouth: swords are in their lips: for who, say they, doth hear?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
David invokes God's covenant name (YHWH) and titles (God of hosts, God of Israel) to ground his appeal in specific promises. 'Awake to visit all the heathen' broadens from personal deliverance to universal judgment. The request to not 'be merciful to any wicked transgressors' seems harsh but reflects covenant justice—persistent rebels warrant judgment.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Calling on the 'God of hosts' (armies) emphasizes God's sovereign power over earthly forces. The 'heathen' may reference Saul's men acting like pagans despite being Israelites, or anticipate David's later conflicts with surrounding nations.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do God's covenant names inform specific prayer requests?
  2. What is the relationship between praying for mercy on some and judgment on others?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וְאַתָּ֤ה1 of 16
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

יְהוָֽה2 of 16

Thou therefore O LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י3 of 16

God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

צְבָא֡וֹת4 of 16

of hosts

H6635

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci

אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י5 of 16

God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל6 of 16

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

הָקִ֗יצָה7 of 16

awake

H6974

to awake (literally or figuratively)

לִפְקֹ֥ד8 of 16

to visit

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

כָּֽל9 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַגּוֹיִ֑ם10 of 16

all the heathen

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

אַל11 of 16
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תָּחֹ֨ן12 of 16

be not merciful

H2603

properly, to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to implore (i.e., move to favor by petition)

כָּל13 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בֹּ֖גְדֵי14 of 16

transgressors

H898

to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage

אָ֣וֶן15 of 16

to any wicked

H205

strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol

סֶֽלָה׃16 of 16

Selah

H5542

suspension (of music), i.e., pause


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 59:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 59:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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