King James Version

What Does Matthew 9:11 Mean?

Matthew 9:11 in the King James Version says “And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners? — study this verse from Matthew chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners?

Matthew 9:11 · KJV


Context

9

And as Jesus passed forth from thence, he saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom: and he saith unto him, Follow me. And he arose, and followed him.

10

And it came to pass, as Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples.

11

And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners?

12

But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick.

13

But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice: for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The Pharisees' question to the disciples—'Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners?'—reveals their theological framework. They assume holiness requires separation from sinners to avoid contamination. Their question is accusatory, seeking to discredit Jesus before His followers. The Pharisees believed righteous people shouldn't associate with sinners except to condemn them. Jesus operates on opposite principle: righteousness seeks sinners to redeem them. The Pharisees' approach creates religious pride and exclusion. Jesus' approach demonstrates mercy and mission. This fundamental difference—separation versus engagement—defines two opposing religious visions: one self-righteous and condemning, the other humble and redemptive.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Pharisaic interpretation of Torah emphasized purity through separation. They developed elaborate traditions (oral law) to maintain holiness by avoiding contamination. Table fellowship was particularly significant because eating together implied acceptance and fellowship. Pharisees would not eat with those who didn't observe purity laws. Their question reflects genuine theological concern: How can a holy teacher associate with unholy people without compromising holiness? Jesus' answer redefines holiness not as separation from sinners but as transformative engagement with them.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do we balance separation from sin with engagement with sinners in Christian witness?
  2. What does this passage teach about religious pride versus gospel humility?
  3. How should Christians respond when criticized for associating with 'sinners'?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
καὶ1 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἰδόντες2 of 18

saw

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

οἱ3 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Φαρισαῖοι4 of 18

when the Pharisees

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary

εἶπον5 of 18

it they said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

τοῖς6 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μαθηταῖς7 of 18

disciples

G3101

a learner, i.e., pupil

αὐτοῦ8 of 18

unto his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Διατί9 of 18

Why

G1302

through what cause ?, i.e., why?

μετὰ10 of 18

with

G3326

properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)

τῶν11 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

τελωνῶν12 of 18

publicans

G5057

a tax-farmer, i.e., collector of public revenue

καὶ13 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἁμαρτωλῶν14 of 18

sinners

G268

sinful, i.e., a sinner

ἐσθίει15 of 18

eateth

G2068

used only in certain tenses, the rest being supplied by g5315; to eat (usually literal)

16 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

διδάσκαλος17 of 18

Master

G1320

an instructor (genitive case or specially)

ὑμῶν18 of 18

your

G5216

of (from or concerning) you


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 9:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 9:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study