King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:46 Mean?

Matthew 5:46 in the King James Version says “For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same?

Matthew 5:46 · KJV


Context

44

But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;

45

That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.

46

For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same?

47

And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? do not even the publicans so?

48

Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Loving only those who love you merits no special reward—even corrupt tax collectors do that much. Such reciprocal love is natural, requiring no grace. Kingdom love goes beyond natural affection to supernatural love for enemies, reflecting God's character rather than mere human capacity.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Tax collectors (publicans) were Jews who collected taxes for Rome, often overcharging and keeping excess. They were despised as traitors and sinners. Yet Jesus notes even they practice reciprocal love—suggesting this minimal standard falls far short of Kingdom ethics.

Reflection Questions

  1. How much of your love is merely reciprocal—loving those who benefit you in return?
  2. What would it cost you to love someone who offers you no benefit or even actively opposes you?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
ἐὰν1 of 16

if

G1437

a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty

γὰρ2 of 16

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ἀγαπῶντας3 of 16

love

G25

to love (in a social or moral sense)

τὸ4 of 16

them which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγαπῶντας5 of 16

love

G25

to love (in a social or moral sense)

ὑμᾶς6 of 16

you

G5209

you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)

τίνα7 of 16

what

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

μισθὸν8 of 16

reward

G3408

pay for service (literally or figuratively), good or bad

ἔχετε9 of 16

have ye

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

οὐχὶ10 of 16

not

G3780

not indeed

καὶ11 of 16

even

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ12 of 16

them which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

τελῶναι13 of 16

the publicans

G5057

a tax-farmer, i.e., collector of public revenue

τὸ14 of 16

them which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

αὐτὸ15 of 16

the same

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ποιοῦσιν16 of 16

do

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:46 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:46 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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