King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:17 Mean?

Matthew 5:17 in the King James Version says “Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.

Matthew 5:17 · KJV


Context

15

Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house. a bushel: the word in the original signifieth a measure containing about a pint less than a peck

16

Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.

17

Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.

18

For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

19

Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse stands as a pivotal declaration in the Sermon on the Mount, addressing concerns that Jesus' ministry contradicts the Old Testament. The Greek word 'kataluo' (καταλύω) means to destroy, dismantle, or abolish. Jesus emphatically denies this intention. Instead, He came to 'fulfill' (πληρόω/plerosai) the Law and Prophets—to complete, accomplish, and bring to full expression. This fulfillment operates on multiple levels: (1) Jesus perfectly obeyed the Law's demands, (2) He accomplished the prophetic promises pointing to Messiah, and (3) He revealed the Law's deepest meaning and intent. Far from abolishing Scripture, Jesus establishes it on firmer ground by embodying its righteousness and explaining its true spiritual significance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

First-century Judaism held Scripture (Torah and Prophets) in highest reverence. Pharisees and scribes meticulously preserved and interpreted the Law. When Jesus challenged their traditions (Mark 7:1-13) and reinterpreted Sabbath law (Matthew 12:1-8), religious leaders accused Him of undermining Scripture. This context makes Jesus' clarification crucial—He honors Scripture's authority while exposing how traditions had obscured its true meaning. Early Christians, many from Jewish backgrounds, needed this teaching to understand continuity between Old and New Covenants.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus fulfill the Law in ways that go beyond mere obedience to its commands?
  2. In what ways might we 'destroy' Scripture by misinterpretation or selective application?
  3. How should this verse shape our reading of the Old Testament in light of Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
Μὴ1 of 15

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

νομίσητε2 of 15

Think

G3543

properly, to do by law (usage), i.e., to accustom (passively, be usual); by extension, to deem or regard

ὅτι3 of 15

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἦλθον4 of 15

I am

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

καταλῦσαι5 of 15

to destroy

G2647

to loosen down (disintegrate), i.e., (by implication) to demolish (literally or figuratively); specially (compare g2646) to halt for the night

τὸν6 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νόμον7 of 15

the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

8 of 15

or

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

τοὺς9 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

προφήτας·10 of 15

the prophets

G4396

a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet

οὐκ11 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἦλθον12 of 15

I am

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

καταλῦσαι13 of 15

to destroy

G2647

to loosen down (disintegrate), i.e., (by implication) to demolish (literally or figuratively); specially (compare g2646) to halt for the night

ἀλλὰ14 of 15

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

πληρῶσαι15 of 15

to fulfil

G4137

to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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