King James Version

What Does Matthew 27:37 Mean?

Matthew 27:37 in the King James Version says “And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

Matthew 27:37 · KJV


Context

35

And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots.

36

And sitting down they watched him there;

37

And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

38

Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.

39

And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS (ἡ αἰτία αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένη, hē aitia autou gegrammenē)—the titulus or placard stating the crime. Pilate's inscription, written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin (John 19:19-20), proclaims ironic truth: Jesus IS King.

The chief priests protested (John 19:21): Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews. Pilate refused. His contemptuous dismissal of Jewish sensibilities became prophecy: Jesus is King of the Jews, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords. The accusation is coronation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The titulus served as public warning—crucifixion was primarily deterrent, meant to terrorize populations into submission. That Pilate wrote 'King of the Jews' rather than 'claimed to be king' was unusual, perhaps his final insult to the Jewish leaders who forced his hand.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Pilate's unwitting proclamation of Jesus's kingship demonstrate God's sovereignty over human pride?
  2. What does the trilingual inscription (Hebrew, Greek, Latin) symbolize about the universal scope of Christ's reign?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
καὶ1 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπέθηκαν2 of 17

set up

G2007

to impose (in a friendly or hostile sense)

ἐπάνω3 of 17

over

G1883

up above, i.e., over or on (of place, amount, rank, etc.)

τῆς4 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κεφαλῆς5 of 17

head

G2776

the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively

αὐτοῦ6 of 17

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τὴν7 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

αἰτίαν8 of 17

accusation

G156

a cause (as if asked for), i.e., (logical) reason (motive, matter), (legal) crime (alleged or proved)

αὐτοῦ9 of 17

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

γεγραμμένην·10 of 17

written

G1125

to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe

Οὗτός11 of 17

THIS

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

ἐστιν12 of 17

IS

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Ἰησοῦς13 of 17

JESUS

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

14 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βασιλεὺς15 of 17

THE KING

G935

a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively)

τῶν16 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰουδαίων17 of 17

OF THE JEWS

G2453

judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 27:37 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 27:37 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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