King James Version

What Does Matthew 19:16 Mean?

Matthew 19:16 in the King James Version says “And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? — study this verse from Matthew chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?

Matthew 19:16 · KJV


Context

14

But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven.

15

And he laid his hands on them, and departed thence.

16

And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?

17

And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.

18

He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The rich young ruler's question 'what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?' reveals works-righteousness thinking—attempting to earn salvation. Jesus' response redirects to God's goodness and commandment-keeping, not to endorse works salvation but to expose the man's self-righteousness. Reformed soteriology emphasizes that the law's purpose includes revealing sin and driving sinners to grace. The young man's confidence in his law-keeping (19:20) shows he doesn't understand God's perfect standard.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish theology emphasized Torah obedience as the path to righteousness, though recognizing need for God's mercy. The question 'what good thing shall I do' reflects prevalent thinking that accumulated good deeds secured divine favor. Jesus' answer uses the law as a mirror (James 1:23-25) to show the questioner his need. The encounter parallels the parable of the Pharisee and publican (Luke 18:9-14).

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'good things' do you rely on for acceptance with God?
  2. How does the law expose your inability to save yourself?
  3. What would Jesus identify as your 'one thing thou lackest'?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
Καὶ1 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἰδού,2 of 15

behold

G2400

used as imperative lo!

εἷς3 of 15

one

G1520

one

προσελθὼν4 of 15

came

G4334

to approach, i.e., (literally) come near, visit, or (figuratively) worship, assent to

εἶπεν5 of 15

and said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτῷ6 of 15

unto him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Διδάσκαλε7 of 15

Master

G1320

an instructor (genitive case or specially)

ἀγαθὸν8 of 15

Good

G18

"good" (in any sense, often as noun)

τί9 of 15

what

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

ἀγαθὸν10 of 15

Good

G18

"good" (in any sense, often as noun)

ποιήσω11 of 15

shall I do

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

ἵνα12 of 15

that

G2443

in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)

ἔχω13 of 15

I may have

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

ζωὴν14 of 15

life

G2222

life (literally or figuratively)

αἰώνιον15 of 15

eternal

G166

perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 19:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 19:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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