King James Version

What Does Matthew 16:18 Mean?

Matthew 16:18 in the King James Version says “And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall no... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Peter: this name signifies a rock

Matthew 16:18 · KJV


Context

16

And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.

17

And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven.

18

And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Peter: this name signifies a rock

19

And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

20

Then charged he his disciples that they should tell no man that he was Jesus the Christ.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus makes pivotal declaration: 'And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it' (Greek: σὺ εἶ Πέτρος, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, 'you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church'). The word play: Πέτρος (Peter, masculine) and πέτρα (rock, feminine). Debate exists whether 'rock' is Peter himself, Peter's confession, or Christ. The 'church' (ἐκκλησία) is Jesus' assembly, not institutional religion. 'Gates of hell' (πύλαι ᾅδου) represent death's power - the church will endure despite persecution and martyrdom. 'Prevail' (κατισχύω) means 'overcome, have strength against' - death cannot destroy Jesus' church.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This is the first mention of 'church' in the Gospels, occurring at Caesarea Philippi near pagan temples. Jesus establishes new covenant community. The rock imagery echoes Isaiah 28:16's foundation stone. Protestant-Catholic debate over this verse centers on whether Peter has primacy (Catholic view) or whether the confession of Christ is the foundation (Protestant view). Early church understood Peter as foundational apostle (Galatians 2:9, Ephesians 2:20) without later papal developments. The church's indestructibility has been validated through 2,000 years of persecution.

Reflection Questions

  1. What is the 'rock' upon which Jesus builds His church?
  2. How has the church demonstrated indestructibility despite persecution, heresy, and internal failures?
  3. What does it mean that 'gates of hell' cannot prevail - is the church attacking or defending?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
κἀγὼ1 of 23

also

G2504

so also the dative case ????? <pronunciation strongs="kam-oy'"/>, and accusative case ???? <pronunciation strongs="kam-eh'"/> and (or also, even, etc.

δέ2 of 23

And

G1161

but, and, etc

σοι3 of 23

unto thee

G4671

to thee

λέγω4 of 23

I say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ὅτι5 of 23

That

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

σὺ6 of 23

thou

G4771

thou

εἶ7 of 23

art

G1488

thou art

Πέτρος8 of 23

Peter

G4074

a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle

καὶ9 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπὶ10 of 23

upon

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

ταύτῃ11 of 23
G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

τῇ12 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πέτρᾳ13 of 23

rock

G4073

a (mass of) rock (literally or figuratively)

οἰκοδομήσω14 of 23

I will build

G3618

to be a house-builder, i.e., construct or (figuratively) confirm

μου15 of 23

my

G3450

of me

τὴν16 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐκκλησίαν17 of 23

church

G1577

a calling out, i.e., (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (jewish synagogue, or christian community of members on earth

καὶ18 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πύλαι19 of 23

the gates

G4439

a gate, i.e., the leaf or wing of a folding entrance (literally or figuratively)

ᾅδου20 of 23

of hell

G86

properly, unseen, i.e., "hades" or the place (state) of departed souls

οὐ21 of 23

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

κατισχύσουσιν22 of 23

prevail against

G2729

to overpower

αὐτῆς23 of 23

it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 16:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 16:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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